Insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi in Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia
Abstract Background The movement of malaria vectors into new areas is a growing concern in the efforts to control malaria. The recent report of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia has raised the necessity to understand the insecticide resistance status of the vector in the region to better infor...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9a3b8975a66d4f38a57243a37f9d6956 2023-05-15T15:15:35+02:00 Insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi in Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia Solomon Yared Araya Gebressielasie Lambodhar Damodaran Victoria Bonnell Karen Lopez Daniel Janies Tamar E. Carter 2020-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03252-2 https://doaj.org/article/9a3b8975a66d4f38a57243a37f9d6956 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-020-03252-2 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03252-2 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/9a3b8975a66d4f38a57243a37f9d6956 Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2020) Malaria Anopheles stephensi Insecticide resistance Kebri Dehar Somali Region Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03252-2 2022-12-31T00:19:10Z Abstract Background The movement of malaria vectors into new areas is a growing concern in the efforts to control malaria. The recent report of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia has raised the necessity to understand the insecticide resistance status of the vector in the region to better inform vector-based interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate insecticide resistance in An. stephensi in eastern Ethiopia using two approaches: (1) World Health Organization (WHO) bioassay tests in An. stephensi; and (2) genetic analysis of insecticide resistance genes in An. stephensi in eastern Ethiopia. Methods Mosquito larvae and pupae were collected from Kebri Dehar. Insecticide susceptibility of An. stephensi was tested with malathion 5%, bendiocarb 0.1%, propoxur 0.1%, deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, pirimiphos-methyl 0.25% and DDT 4%, according to WHO standard protocols. In this study, the knockdown resistance locus (kdr) in the voltage gated sodium channel (vgsc) and ace1R locus in the acetylcholinesterase gene (ace-1) were analysed in An. stephensi. Results All An. stephensi samples were resistant to carbamates, with mortality rates of 23% and 21% for bendiocarb and propoxur, respectively. Adult An. stephensi was also resistant to pyrethroid insecticides with mortality rates 67% for deltamethrin and 53% for permethrin. Resistance to DDT and malathion was detected in An. stephensi with mortality rates of 32% as well as An. stephensi was resistance to pirimiphos-methyl with mortality rates 14%. Analysis of the insecticide resistance loci revealed the absence of kdr L1014F and L1014S mutations and the ace1R G119S mutation. Conclusion Overall, these findings support that An. stephensi is resistant to several classes of insecticides, most notably pyrethroids. However, the absence of the kdr L1014 gene may suggest non-target site resistance mechanisms. Continuous insecticide resistance monitoring should be carried out in the region to confirm the documented resistance and exploring mechanisms ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 19 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Malaria Anopheles stephensi Insecticide resistance Kebri Dehar Somali Region Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Malaria Anopheles stephensi Insecticide resistance Kebri Dehar Somali Region Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Solomon Yared Araya Gebressielasie Lambodhar Damodaran Victoria Bonnell Karen Lopez Daniel Janies Tamar E. Carter Insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi in Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia |
topic_facet |
Malaria Anopheles stephensi Insecticide resistance Kebri Dehar Somali Region Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background The movement of malaria vectors into new areas is a growing concern in the efforts to control malaria. The recent report of Anopheles stephensi in eastern Ethiopia has raised the necessity to understand the insecticide resistance status of the vector in the region to better inform vector-based interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate insecticide resistance in An. stephensi in eastern Ethiopia using two approaches: (1) World Health Organization (WHO) bioassay tests in An. stephensi; and (2) genetic analysis of insecticide resistance genes in An. stephensi in eastern Ethiopia. Methods Mosquito larvae and pupae were collected from Kebri Dehar. Insecticide susceptibility of An. stephensi was tested with malathion 5%, bendiocarb 0.1%, propoxur 0.1%, deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, pirimiphos-methyl 0.25% and DDT 4%, according to WHO standard protocols. In this study, the knockdown resistance locus (kdr) in the voltage gated sodium channel (vgsc) and ace1R locus in the acetylcholinesterase gene (ace-1) were analysed in An. stephensi. Results All An. stephensi samples were resistant to carbamates, with mortality rates of 23% and 21% for bendiocarb and propoxur, respectively. Adult An. stephensi was also resistant to pyrethroid insecticides with mortality rates 67% for deltamethrin and 53% for permethrin. Resistance to DDT and malathion was detected in An. stephensi with mortality rates of 32% as well as An. stephensi was resistance to pirimiphos-methyl with mortality rates 14%. Analysis of the insecticide resistance loci revealed the absence of kdr L1014F and L1014S mutations and the ace1R G119S mutation. Conclusion Overall, these findings support that An. stephensi is resistant to several classes of insecticides, most notably pyrethroids. However, the absence of the kdr L1014 gene may suggest non-target site resistance mechanisms. Continuous insecticide resistance monitoring should be carried out in the region to confirm the documented resistance and exploring mechanisms ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Solomon Yared Araya Gebressielasie Lambodhar Damodaran Victoria Bonnell Karen Lopez Daniel Janies Tamar E. Carter |
author_facet |
Solomon Yared Araya Gebressielasie Lambodhar Damodaran Victoria Bonnell Karen Lopez Daniel Janies Tamar E. Carter |
author_sort |
Solomon Yared |
title |
Insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi in Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia |
title_short |
Insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi in Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia |
title_full |
Insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi in Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia |
title_fullStr |
Insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi in Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Insecticide resistance in Anopheles stephensi in Somali Region, eastern Ethiopia |
title_sort |
insecticide resistance in anopheles stephensi in somali region, eastern ethiopia |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03252-2 https://doaj.org/article/9a3b8975a66d4f38a57243a37f9d6956 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2020) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-020-03252-2 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03252-2 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/9a3b8975a66d4f38a57243a37f9d6956 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03252-2 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
19 |
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1 |
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1766345948038955008 |