High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic
Abstract Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been shown in climate models to reduce some impacts of global warming in the Arctic, including the loss of sea ice, permafrost thaw, and reduction of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass; SAI at high latitudes could preferentially target these impacts. I...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9a37859a12884fbe95f3d7a6548794fb 2023-05-15T14:32:37+02:00 High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic Walker Raymond Lee Douglas G. MacMartin Daniele Visioni Ben Kravitz Yating Chen John C. Moore Gunter Leguy David M. Lawrence David A. Bailey 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003052 https://doaj.org/article/9a37859a12884fbe95f3d7a6548794fb EN eng Wiley https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003052 https://doaj.org/toc/2328-4277 2328-4277 doi:10.1029/2022EF003052 https://doaj.org/article/9a37859a12884fbe95f3d7a6548794fb Earth's Future, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2023) geoengineering stratospheric aerosol injection high‐latitude aerosol injection sea ice permafrost Greenland ice sheet Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ecology QH540-549.5 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003052 2023-01-29T01:26:13Z Abstract Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been shown in climate models to reduce some impacts of global warming in the Arctic, including the loss of sea ice, permafrost thaw, and reduction of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass; SAI at high latitudes could preferentially target these impacts. In this study, we use the Community Earth System Model to simulate two Arctic‐focused SAI strategies, which inject at 60°N latitude each spring with injection rates adjusted to either maintain September Arctic sea ice at 2030 levels (“Arctic Low”) or restore it to 2010 levels (“Arctic High”). Both simulations maintain or restore September sea ice to within 10% of their respective targets, reduce permafrost thaw, and increase GrIS surface mass balance by reducing runoff. Arctic High reduces these impacts more effectively than a globally focused SAI strategy that injects similar quantities of SO2 at lower latitudes. However, Arctic‐focused SAI is not merely a “reset button” for the Arctic climate, but brings about a novel climate state, including changes to the seasonal cycles of Northern Hemisphere temperature and sea ice and less high‐latitude carbon uptake relative to SSP2‐4.5. Additionally, while Arctic‐focused SAI produces the most cooling near the pole, its effects are not confined to the Arctic, including detectable cooling throughout most of the northern hemisphere for both simulations, increased mid‐latitude sulfur deposition, and a southward shift of the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. For these reasons, it would be incorrect to consider Arctic‐focused SAI as “local” geoengineering, even when compared to a globally focused strategy. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Global warming Greenland Ice Ice Sheet permafrost Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Greenland Earth's Future 11 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
geoengineering stratospheric aerosol injection high‐latitude aerosol injection sea ice permafrost Greenland ice sheet Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ecology QH540-549.5 |
spellingShingle |
geoengineering stratospheric aerosol injection high‐latitude aerosol injection sea ice permafrost Greenland ice sheet Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ecology QH540-549.5 Walker Raymond Lee Douglas G. MacMartin Daniele Visioni Ben Kravitz Yating Chen John C. Moore Gunter Leguy David M. Lawrence David A. Bailey High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
topic_facet |
geoengineering stratospheric aerosol injection high‐latitude aerosol injection sea ice permafrost Greenland ice sheet Environmental sciences GE1-350 Ecology QH540-549.5 |
description |
Abstract Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been shown in climate models to reduce some impacts of global warming in the Arctic, including the loss of sea ice, permafrost thaw, and reduction of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass; SAI at high latitudes could preferentially target these impacts. In this study, we use the Community Earth System Model to simulate two Arctic‐focused SAI strategies, which inject at 60°N latitude each spring with injection rates adjusted to either maintain September Arctic sea ice at 2030 levels (“Arctic Low”) or restore it to 2010 levels (“Arctic High”). Both simulations maintain or restore September sea ice to within 10% of their respective targets, reduce permafrost thaw, and increase GrIS surface mass balance by reducing runoff. Arctic High reduces these impacts more effectively than a globally focused SAI strategy that injects similar quantities of SO2 at lower latitudes. However, Arctic‐focused SAI is not merely a “reset button” for the Arctic climate, but brings about a novel climate state, including changes to the seasonal cycles of Northern Hemisphere temperature and sea ice and less high‐latitude carbon uptake relative to SSP2‐4.5. Additionally, while Arctic‐focused SAI produces the most cooling near the pole, its effects are not confined to the Arctic, including detectable cooling throughout most of the northern hemisphere for both simulations, increased mid‐latitude sulfur deposition, and a southward shift of the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. For these reasons, it would be incorrect to consider Arctic‐focused SAI as “local” geoengineering, even when compared to a globally focused strategy. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Walker Raymond Lee Douglas G. MacMartin Daniele Visioni Ben Kravitz Yating Chen John C. Moore Gunter Leguy David M. Lawrence David A. Bailey |
author_facet |
Walker Raymond Lee Douglas G. MacMartin Daniele Visioni Ben Kravitz Yating Chen John C. Moore Gunter Leguy David M. Lawrence David A. Bailey |
author_sort |
Walker Raymond Lee |
title |
High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
title_short |
High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
title_full |
High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
title_fullStr |
High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
High‐Latitude Stratospheric Aerosol Injection to Preserve the Arctic |
title_sort |
high‐latitude stratospheric aerosol injection to preserve the arctic |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003052 https://doaj.org/article/9a37859a12884fbe95f3d7a6548794fb |
geographic |
Arctic Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Global warming Greenland Ice Ice Sheet permafrost Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Global warming Greenland Ice Ice Sheet permafrost Sea ice |
op_source |
Earth's Future, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2023) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003052 https://doaj.org/toc/2328-4277 2328-4277 doi:10.1029/2022EF003052 https://doaj.org/article/9a37859a12884fbe95f3d7a6548794fb |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF003052 |
container_title |
Earth's Future |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766305976756994048 |