Sensitivity to Dietary Wheat Gluten in Atlantic Salmon Indicated by Gene Expression Changes in Liver and Intestine
Feed safety is a necessity for animal health and welfare as well as prerequisite for food safety and human health. Wheat gluten (WG) is considered as a valuable protein source in fish feed due to its suitability as a feed binder, high digestibility, good amino acid profile, energy density and most i...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:99dfd25d06c24e53a30a9afe3a252cc9 2023-05-15T15:32:56+02:00 Sensitivity to Dietary Wheat Gluten in Atlantic Salmon Indicated by Gene Expression Changes in Liver and Intestine Amritha Johny Gerd Marit Berge André S. Bogevik Aleksei Krasnov Bente Ruyter Christiane Kruse Fæste Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye 2020-11-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111339 https://doaj.org/article/99dfd25d06c24e53a30a9afe3a252cc9 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/11/1339 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4425 doi:10.3390/genes11111339 2073-4425 https://doaj.org/article/99dfd25d06c24e53a30a9afe3a252cc9 Genes, Vol 11, Iss 1339, p 1339 (2020) Salmo salar fishmeal intestine liver plant-based feed ingredients wheat gluten Genetics QH426-470 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111339 2022-12-31T13:36:55Z Feed safety is a necessity for animal health and welfare as well as prerequisite for food safety and human health. Wheat gluten (WG) is considered as a valuable protein source in fish feed due to its suitability as a feed binder, high digestibility, good amino acid profile, energy density and most importantly, due to its relatively low level of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). The main aim of this study was to identify the impact of dietary WG on salmon health by analysing growth, feed efficiency and the hepatic and intestinal transcriptomes. The fish were fed either control diet with fishmeal (FM) as the only source of protein or diets, where 15% or 30% of the FM were replaced by WG. The fish had a mean initial weight of 223 g and approximately doubled their weight during the 9-week experiment. Salmon fed on 30% WG showed reduced feed intake compared to the 15% and FM fed groups. The liver was the less affected organ but fat content and activities of the liver health markers in plasma increased with the inclusion level of WG in the diet. Gene expression analysis showed significant changes in both, intestine and liver of fish fed with 30% WG. Especially noticeable were changes in the lipid metabolism, in particular in relation to the intestinal lipoprotein transport and sterol metabolism. Moreover, the intestinal transcriptome of WG-fed fish showed shifts in the expression of a large number of genes responsible for immunity and tissue structure and integrity. These observations implied that the fish receiving WG-containing diet were undergoing nutritional stress. Overall, the study provided evidence that a high dietary level of WG can have a negative impact on the intestinal and liver health of salmon with symptoms similar to gluten sensitivity in humans. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Genes 11 11 1339 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Salmo salar fishmeal intestine liver plant-based feed ingredients wheat gluten Genetics QH426-470 |
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Salmo salar fishmeal intestine liver plant-based feed ingredients wheat gluten Genetics QH426-470 Amritha Johny Gerd Marit Berge André S. Bogevik Aleksei Krasnov Bente Ruyter Christiane Kruse Fæste Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye Sensitivity to Dietary Wheat Gluten in Atlantic Salmon Indicated by Gene Expression Changes in Liver and Intestine |
topic_facet |
Salmo salar fishmeal intestine liver plant-based feed ingredients wheat gluten Genetics QH426-470 |
description |
Feed safety is a necessity for animal health and welfare as well as prerequisite for food safety and human health. Wheat gluten (WG) is considered as a valuable protein source in fish feed due to its suitability as a feed binder, high digestibility, good amino acid profile, energy density and most importantly, due to its relatively low level of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). The main aim of this study was to identify the impact of dietary WG on salmon health by analysing growth, feed efficiency and the hepatic and intestinal transcriptomes. The fish were fed either control diet with fishmeal (FM) as the only source of protein or diets, where 15% or 30% of the FM were replaced by WG. The fish had a mean initial weight of 223 g and approximately doubled their weight during the 9-week experiment. Salmon fed on 30% WG showed reduced feed intake compared to the 15% and FM fed groups. The liver was the less affected organ but fat content and activities of the liver health markers in plasma increased with the inclusion level of WG in the diet. Gene expression analysis showed significant changes in both, intestine and liver of fish fed with 30% WG. Especially noticeable were changes in the lipid metabolism, in particular in relation to the intestinal lipoprotein transport and sterol metabolism. Moreover, the intestinal transcriptome of WG-fed fish showed shifts in the expression of a large number of genes responsible for immunity and tissue structure and integrity. These observations implied that the fish receiving WG-containing diet were undergoing nutritional stress. Overall, the study provided evidence that a high dietary level of WG can have a negative impact on the intestinal and liver health of salmon with symptoms similar to gluten sensitivity in humans. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Amritha Johny Gerd Marit Berge André S. Bogevik Aleksei Krasnov Bente Ruyter Christiane Kruse Fæste Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye |
author_facet |
Amritha Johny Gerd Marit Berge André S. Bogevik Aleksei Krasnov Bente Ruyter Christiane Kruse Fæste Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye |
author_sort |
Amritha Johny |
title |
Sensitivity to Dietary Wheat Gluten in Atlantic Salmon Indicated by Gene Expression Changes in Liver and Intestine |
title_short |
Sensitivity to Dietary Wheat Gluten in Atlantic Salmon Indicated by Gene Expression Changes in Liver and Intestine |
title_full |
Sensitivity to Dietary Wheat Gluten in Atlantic Salmon Indicated by Gene Expression Changes in Liver and Intestine |
title_fullStr |
Sensitivity to Dietary Wheat Gluten in Atlantic Salmon Indicated by Gene Expression Changes in Liver and Intestine |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sensitivity to Dietary Wheat Gluten in Atlantic Salmon Indicated by Gene Expression Changes in Liver and Intestine |
title_sort |
sensitivity to dietary wheat gluten in atlantic salmon indicated by gene expression changes in liver and intestine |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111339 https://doaj.org/article/99dfd25d06c24e53a30a9afe3a252cc9 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Genes, Vol 11, Iss 1339, p 1339 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/11/1339 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4425 doi:10.3390/genes11111339 2073-4425 https://doaj.org/article/99dfd25d06c24e53a30a9afe3a252cc9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111339 |
container_title |
Genes |
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11 |
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11 |
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1339 |
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1766363422037901312 |