The parasitic travel of Margaritifera margaritifera in Atlantic salmon gills: from glochidium to post-larva
The larval development of the endangered freshwater mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) represents one of the most unique parasitism among naiads, in which larva parasite the fish gills for several months. Despite the importance of this parasitic phase to successfully culture the freshwater muss...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9868976c9db243d59e4deab2d11c1a6f 2023-05-15T15:32:03+02:00 The parasitic travel of Margaritifera margaritifera in Atlantic salmon gills: from glochidium to post-larva P.A. Castrillo R. Bermúdez C. Varela-Dopico M.I. Quiroga P. Ondina 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101340 https://doaj.org/article/9868976c9db243d59e4deab2d11c1a6f EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513422003362 https://doaj.org/toc/2352-5134 2352-5134 doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101340 https://doaj.org/article/9868976c9db243d59e4deab2d11c1a6f Aquaculture Reports, Vol 27, Iss , Pp 101340- (2022) Freshwater Pearl Mussel Larval development Glochidium Mushroom body Byssal gland Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101340 2022-12-30T22:46:02Z The larval development of the endangered freshwater mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) represents one of the most unique parasitism among naiads, in which larva parasite the fish gills for several months. Despite the importance of this parasitic phase to successfully culture the freshwater mussel, the larval morphogenesis remains understudied. To describe the parasitic larval development and metamorphosis, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were exposed to glochidia, sampled periodically to visualize the gills by stereomicroscopy and light microscopy and results were summarized throughout three developmental stages. Once attached to the fish gills, glochidia changed their morphology within the first days and acquired an intermediate stage termed mushroom larva due to the presence of the mushroom body and the zip membrane, both structures are transitory and distinctive of this long-lasting parasitism. The zip membrane, located at the valve cleft, may play a unique role in the isolation and acquisition of non-particulate nutrients from the fish, while the mushroom body of the mantle accumulates abundant intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. After 200 days, a successful metamorphosis was evidenced by the formation of a complete set of post-larval organs, pointing to the acquisition of different functionality, which will be essential for the settlement and deposit-feeding into the riverbed. Among the post-larval organs, the byssal complex of the post-larval foot was described for the first time at the end of the parasitic stage of naiads. In conclusion, this study provides an overview of the larval morphogenesis of M. margaritifera, from glochidium to post-larva, essential for understanding the parasitic interaction between the freshwater mussel larva and the fish host. Moreover, the morphological techniques and the hallmarks described might be applicable to optimize and monitor the larval developmental status during one of the most critical stages of the captive breeding programmes of endangered freshwater mussels. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Aquaculture Reports 27 101340 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Freshwater Pearl Mussel Larval development Glochidium Mushroom body Byssal gland Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 |
spellingShingle |
Freshwater Pearl Mussel Larval development Glochidium Mushroom body Byssal gland Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 P.A. Castrillo R. Bermúdez C. Varela-Dopico M.I. Quiroga P. Ondina The parasitic travel of Margaritifera margaritifera in Atlantic salmon gills: from glochidium to post-larva |
topic_facet |
Freshwater Pearl Mussel Larval development Glochidium Mushroom body Byssal gland Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 |
description |
The larval development of the endangered freshwater mussel Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) represents one of the most unique parasitism among naiads, in which larva parasite the fish gills for several months. Despite the importance of this parasitic phase to successfully culture the freshwater mussel, the larval morphogenesis remains understudied. To describe the parasitic larval development and metamorphosis, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were exposed to glochidia, sampled periodically to visualize the gills by stereomicroscopy and light microscopy and results were summarized throughout three developmental stages. Once attached to the fish gills, glochidia changed their morphology within the first days and acquired an intermediate stage termed mushroom larva due to the presence of the mushroom body and the zip membrane, both structures are transitory and distinctive of this long-lasting parasitism. The zip membrane, located at the valve cleft, may play a unique role in the isolation and acquisition of non-particulate nutrients from the fish, while the mushroom body of the mantle accumulates abundant intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. After 200 days, a successful metamorphosis was evidenced by the formation of a complete set of post-larval organs, pointing to the acquisition of different functionality, which will be essential for the settlement and deposit-feeding into the riverbed. Among the post-larval organs, the byssal complex of the post-larval foot was described for the first time at the end of the parasitic stage of naiads. In conclusion, this study provides an overview of the larval morphogenesis of M. margaritifera, from glochidium to post-larva, essential for understanding the parasitic interaction between the freshwater mussel larva and the fish host. Moreover, the morphological techniques and the hallmarks described might be applicable to optimize and monitor the larval developmental status during one of the most critical stages of the captive breeding programmes of endangered freshwater mussels. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
P.A. Castrillo R. Bermúdez C. Varela-Dopico M.I. Quiroga P. Ondina |
author_facet |
P.A. Castrillo R. Bermúdez C. Varela-Dopico M.I. Quiroga P. Ondina |
author_sort |
P.A. Castrillo |
title |
The parasitic travel of Margaritifera margaritifera in Atlantic salmon gills: from glochidium to post-larva |
title_short |
The parasitic travel of Margaritifera margaritifera in Atlantic salmon gills: from glochidium to post-larva |
title_full |
The parasitic travel of Margaritifera margaritifera in Atlantic salmon gills: from glochidium to post-larva |
title_fullStr |
The parasitic travel of Margaritifera margaritifera in Atlantic salmon gills: from glochidium to post-larva |
title_full_unstemmed |
The parasitic travel of Margaritifera margaritifera in Atlantic salmon gills: from glochidium to post-larva |
title_sort |
parasitic travel of margaritifera margaritifera in atlantic salmon gills: from glochidium to post-larva |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101340 https://doaj.org/article/9868976c9db243d59e4deab2d11c1a6f |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Aquaculture Reports, Vol 27, Iss , Pp 101340- (2022) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513422003362 https://doaj.org/toc/2352-5134 2352-5134 doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101340 https://doaj.org/article/9868976c9db243d59e4deab2d11c1a6f |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2022.101340 |
container_title |
Aquaculture Reports |
container_volume |
27 |
container_start_page |
101340 |
_version_ |
1766362559745622016 |