Deep Learning Case Study for Automatic Bird Identification

• Published in: Applied Sciences
• Main Authors: Juha Niemi, Juha T. Tanttu
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2018
• Subjects: machine learning; deep learning; convolutional neural networks; classification; data augmentation; intelligent surveillance systems; Technology; T; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General); TA1-2040; Biology (General); QH301-705.5; Physics; QC1-999; Chemistry; QD1-999; Lesser black-backed gull; White-tailed eagle
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.3390/app8112089; https://doaj.org/article/97d8f625391d4904bef6920c507e5315

An automatic bird identification system is required for offshore wind farms in Finland. Indubitably, a radar is the obvious choice to detect flying birds, but external information is required for actual identification. We applied visual camera images as external data. The proposed system for automatic bird identification consists of a radar, a motorized video head and a single-lens reflex camera with a telephoto lens. A convolutional neural network trained with a deep learning algorithm is applied to the image classification. We also propose a data augmentation method in which images are rotated and converted in accordance with the desired color temperatures. The final identification is based on a fusion of parameters provided by the radar and the predictions of the image classifier. The sensitivity of this proposed system, on a dataset containing 9312 manually taken original images resulting in 2.44 × 10 6 augmented data set, is 0.9463 as an image classifier. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve for two key bird species is 0.9993 (the White-tailed Eagle) and 0.9496 (The Lesser Black-backed Gull), respectively. We proposed a novel system for automatic bird identification as a real world application. We demonstrated that our data augmentation method is suitable for image classification problem and it significantly increases the performance of the classifier.