Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen)
Arctic soils may hold potentially toxic elements (PTE); PTE can provide evidence of past or recent pollution. In this study, five soil profiles located on Oscar II Land (Kaffiøyra) were studied to (i) evaluate the ecological status of Kaffiøyra’s soils based on the determination of the possible accu...
Published in: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
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2022
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 https://doaj.org/article/97645e3d0b9741158df148e364d2c7c3 |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:97645e3d0b9741158df148e364d2c7c3 2023-05-15T14:56:41+02:00 Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) Joanna Beata Kowalska Paweł Nicia Michał Gąsiorek Paweł Zadrożny Michał Hubert Węgrzyn Jarosław Waroszewski 2022-10-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 https://doaj.org/article/97645e3d0b9741158df148e364d2c7c3 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/20/13703 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 doi:10.3390/ijerph192013703 1660-4601 1661-7827 https://doaj.org/article/97645e3d0b9741158df148e364d2c7c3 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 13703, p 13703 (2022) arctic soils anthropogenic influence pollution indices polluted sea aerosol Medicine R article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 2022-12-30T21:28:39Z Arctic soils may hold potentially toxic elements (PTE); PTE can provide evidence of past or recent pollution. In this study, five soil profiles located on Oscar II Land (Kaffiøyra) were studied to (i) evaluate the ecological status of Kaffiøyra’s soils based on the determination of the possible accumulation of PTE using pollution indices; and (ii) determine the possible origin of PTE enrichment (local factors vs. long-range sources) depending on the distance from the sea. The soils were tested with standard soil science methods. The contamination of five soils was assessed by a wide spectrum of pollution soil indices: Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (I geo ), Potential Ecological Risk (RI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Probability of Toxicity (MERMQ). EF values calculated based on Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn content indicated an anthropogenic origin of the pollution. Values of I geo showed the highest pollution with Cd, while CSI and MERMQ values indicated the highest Cd and Pb levels, but only in the soils located closest to the coast. RI values suggested that soils were under a strong or very strong potential ecological risk, whereas PLI confirmed the high probability of soil quality reduction. Enrichment with PTE has been conditioned by both local (natural) and long-distance (anthropogenic) factors. Among the local factors, parent material was highly relevant. The effect of long-distance anthropogenic factors, especially from European, large industrial centres, was manifested by the high content of PTE in soils located closest to the coastlines, delivered by a wet deposition and sea aerosols. The monitoring and assessment of arctic soil quality are useful practices for the verification of the sources of PTE pollution and the development of methods that can contribute to the protection and maintenance of these vulnerable ecosystems. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Oscar II Land Spitsbergen Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Kaffiøyra ENVELOPE(12.002,12.002,78.627,78.627) Oscar II ENVELOPE(-62.500,-62.500,-65.750,-65.750) Oscar II Land ENVELOPE(13.299,13.299,78.441,78.441) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 20 13703 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
arctic soils anthropogenic influence pollution indices polluted sea aerosol Medicine R |
spellingShingle |
arctic soils anthropogenic influence pollution indices polluted sea aerosol Medicine R Joanna Beata Kowalska Paweł Nicia Michał Gąsiorek Paweł Zadrożny Michał Hubert Węgrzyn Jarosław Waroszewski Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
topic_facet |
arctic soils anthropogenic influence pollution indices polluted sea aerosol Medicine R |
description |
Arctic soils may hold potentially toxic elements (PTE); PTE can provide evidence of past or recent pollution. In this study, five soil profiles located on Oscar II Land (Kaffiøyra) were studied to (i) evaluate the ecological status of Kaffiøyra’s soils based on the determination of the possible accumulation of PTE using pollution indices; and (ii) determine the possible origin of PTE enrichment (local factors vs. long-range sources) depending on the distance from the sea. The soils were tested with standard soil science methods. The contamination of five soils was assessed by a wide spectrum of pollution soil indices: Enrichment Factor (EF), Geoaccumulation Index (I geo ), Potential Ecological Risk (RI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), and Probability of Toxicity (MERMQ). EF values calculated based on Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn content indicated an anthropogenic origin of the pollution. Values of I geo showed the highest pollution with Cd, while CSI and MERMQ values indicated the highest Cd and Pb levels, but only in the soils located closest to the coast. RI values suggested that soils were under a strong or very strong potential ecological risk, whereas PLI confirmed the high probability of soil quality reduction. Enrichment with PTE has been conditioned by both local (natural) and long-distance (anthropogenic) factors. Among the local factors, parent material was highly relevant. The effect of long-distance anthropogenic factors, especially from European, large industrial centres, was manifested by the high content of PTE in soils located closest to the coastlines, delivered by a wet deposition and sea aerosols. The monitoring and assessment of arctic soil quality are useful practices for the verification of the sources of PTE pollution and the development of methods that can contribute to the protection and maintenance of these vulnerable ecosystems. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Joanna Beata Kowalska Paweł Nicia Michał Gąsiorek Paweł Zadrożny Michał Hubert Węgrzyn Jarosław Waroszewski |
author_facet |
Joanna Beata Kowalska Paweł Nicia Michał Gąsiorek Paweł Zadrożny Michał Hubert Węgrzyn Jarosław Waroszewski |
author_sort |
Joanna Beata Kowalska |
title |
Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
title_short |
Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
title_full |
Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
title_fullStr |
Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Are Natural or Anthropogenic Factors Influencing Potentially Toxic Elements’ Enrichment in Soils in Proglacial Zones? An Example from Kaffiøyra (Oscar II Land, Spitsbergen) |
title_sort |
are natural or anthropogenic factors influencing potentially toxic elements’ enrichment in soils in proglacial zones? an example from kaffiøyra (oscar ii land, spitsbergen) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 https://doaj.org/article/97645e3d0b9741158df148e364d2c7c3 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.002,12.002,78.627,78.627) ENVELOPE(-62.500,-62.500,-65.750,-65.750) ENVELOPE(13.299,13.299,78.441,78.441) |
geographic |
Arctic Kaffiøyra Oscar II Oscar II Land |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Kaffiøyra Oscar II Oscar II Land |
genre |
Arctic Oscar II Land Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic Oscar II Land Spitsbergen |
op_source |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 13703, p 13703 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/20/13703 https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 doi:10.3390/ijerph192013703 1660-4601 1661-7827 https://doaj.org/article/97645e3d0b9741158df148e364d2c7c3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013703 |
container_title |
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
13703 |
_version_ |
1766328772592664576 |