The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides.
Permethrin is the active component of topical creams widely used to treat human scabies. Recent evidence has demonstrated that scabies mites are becoming increasingly tolerant to topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. An effective approach to manage pesticide resistance is the addition of synergist...
Published in: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2009
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000354 https://doaj.org/article/97348dc1918042fc888ebd7d8f1e7e4b |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:97348dc1918042fc888ebd7d8f1e7e4b |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:97348dc1918042fc888ebd7d8f1e7e4b 2023-05-15T15:12:35+02:00 The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides. Cielo Pasay Larry Arlian Marjorie Morgan Robin Gunning Louise Rossiter Deborah Holt Shelley Walton Simone Beckham James McCarthy 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000354 https://doaj.org/article/97348dc1918042fc888ebd7d8f1e7e4b EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2603020?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000354 https://doaj.org/article/97348dc1918042fc888ebd7d8f1e7e4b PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 1, p e354 (2009) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2009 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000354 2022-12-31T04:31:06Z Permethrin is the active component of topical creams widely used to treat human scabies. Recent evidence has demonstrated that scabies mites are becoming increasingly tolerant to topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. An effective approach to manage pesticide resistance is the addition of synergists to counteract metabolic resistance. Synergists are also useful for laboratory investigation of resistance mechanisms through their ability to inhibit specific metabolic pathways.To determine the role of metabolic degradation as a mechanism for acaricide resistance in scabies mites, PBO (piperonyl butoxide), DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) and DEM (diethyl maleate) were first tested for synergistic activity with permethrin in a bioassay of mite killing. Then, to investigate the relative role of specific metabolic pathways inhibited by these synergists, enzyme assays were developed to measure esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (cytochrome P450) activity in mite extracts. A statistically significant difference in median survival time of permethrin-resistant Sarcoptes scabiei variety canis was noted when any of the three synergists were used in combination with permethrin compared to median survival time of mites exposed to permethrin alone (p<0.0001). Incubation of mite homogenates with DEF showed inhibition of esterase activity (37%); inhibition of GST activity (73%) with DEM and inhibition of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity (81%) with PBO. A 7-fold increase in esterase activity, a 4-fold increase in GST activity and a 2-fold increase in cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity were observed in resistant mites compared to sensitive mites.These findings indicate the potential utility of synergists in reversing resistance to pyrethroid-based acaricides and suggest a significant role of metabolic mechanisms in mediating pyrethroid resistance in scabies mites. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Mite Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 3 1 e354 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Cielo Pasay Larry Arlian Marjorie Morgan Robin Gunning Louise Rossiter Deborah Holt Shelley Walton Simone Beckham James McCarthy The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Permethrin is the active component of topical creams widely used to treat human scabies. Recent evidence has demonstrated that scabies mites are becoming increasingly tolerant to topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. An effective approach to manage pesticide resistance is the addition of synergists to counteract metabolic resistance. Synergists are also useful for laboratory investigation of resistance mechanisms through their ability to inhibit specific metabolic pathways.To determine the role of metabolic degradation as a mechanism for acaricide resistance in scabies mites, PBO (piperonyl butoxide), DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) and DEM (diethyl maleate) were first tested for synergistic activity with permethrin in a bioassay of mite killing. Then, to investigate the relative role of specific metabolic pathways inhibited by these synergists, enzyme assays were developed to measure esterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (cytochrome P450) activity in mite extracts. A statistically significant difference in median survival time of permethrin-resistant Sarcoptes scabiei variety canis was noted when any of the three synergists were used in combination with permethrin compared to median survival time of mites exposed to permethrin alone (p<0.0001). Incubation of mite homogenates with DEF showed inhibition of esterase activity (37%); inhibition of GST activity (73%) with DEM and inhibition of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity (81%) with PBO. A 7-fold increase in esterase activity, a 4-fold increase in GST activity and a 2-fold increase in cytochrome P450 monooxygenase activity were observed in resistant mites compared to sensitive mites.These findings indicate the potential utility of synergists in reversing resistance to pyrethroid-based acaricides and suggest a significant role of metabolic mechanisms in mediating pyrethroid resistance in scabies mites. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cielo Pasay Larry Arlian Marjorie Morgan Robin Gunning Louise Rossiter Deborah Holt Shelley Walton Simone Beckham James McCarthy |
author_facet |
Cielo Pasay Larry Arlian Marjorie Morgan Robin Gunning Louise Rossiter Deborah Holt Shelley Walton Simone Beckham James McCarthy |
author_sort |
Cielo Pasay |
title |
The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides. |
title_short |
The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides. |
title_full |
The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides. |
title_fullStr |
The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides. |
title_sort |
effect of insecticide synergists on the response of scabies mites to pyrethroid acaricides. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000354 https://doaj.org/article/97348dc1918042fc888ebd7d8f1e7e4b |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Mite |
genre_facet |
Arctic Mite |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 1, p e354 (2009) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2603020?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000354 https://doaj.org/article/97348dc1918042fc888ebd7d8f1e7e4b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000354 |
container_title |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
e354 |
_version_ |
1766343243845337088 |