Association between environmental and climatic risk factors and the spatial distribution of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan.
Background Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis (CE and AE) are neglected tropical diseases caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and E. multilocularis, and are emerging zoonoses in Kyrgyzstan. In this country, the spatial distribution of CE and AE surgical incidence in 2014-2016 showed marked...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:968bdbd889f841a690d9fc60f2de82f1 2023-05-15T15:14:11+02:00 Association between environmental and climatic risk factors and the spatial distribution of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan. Giulia Paternoster Gianluca Boo Roman Flury Kursanbek M Raimkulov Gulnara Minbaeva Jumagul Usubalieva Maksym Bondarenko Beat Müllhaupt Peter Deplazes Reinhard Furrer Paul R Torgerson 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009498 https://doaj.org/article/968bdbd889f841a690d9fc60f2de82f1 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009498 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009498 https://doaj.org/article/968bdbd889f841a690d9fc60f2de82f1 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e0009498 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009498 2022-12-31T13:12:52Z Background Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis (CE and AE) are neglected tropical diseases caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and E. multilocularis, and are emerging zoonoses in Kyrgyzstan. In this country, the spatial distribution of CE and AE surgical incidence in 2014-2016 showed marked heterogeneity across communities, suggesting the presence of ecological determinants underlying CE and AE distributions. Methodology/principal findings For this reason, in this study we assessed potential associations between community-level confirmed primary CE (no.=2359) or AE (no.=546) cases in 2014-2016 in Kyrgyzstan and environmental and climatic variables derived from satellite-remote sensing datasets using conditional autoregressive models. We also mapped CE and AE relative risk. The number of AE cases was negatively associated with 10-year lag mean annual temperature. Although this time lag should not be considered as an exact measurement but with associated uncertainty, it is consistent with the estimated 10-15-year latency following AE infection. No associations were detected for CE. We also identified several communities at risk for CE or AE where no disease cases were reported in the study period. Conclusions/significance Our findings support the hypothesis that CE is linked to an anthropogenic cycle and is less affected by environmental risk factors compared to AE, which is believed to result from spillover from a wild life cycle. As CE was not affected by factors we investigated, hence control should not have a geographical focus. In contrast, AE risk areas identified in this study without reported AE cases should be targeted for active disease surveillance in humans. This active surveillance would confirm or exclude AE transmission which might not be reported with the present passive surveillance system. These areas should also be targeted for ecological investigations in the animal hosts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 6 e0009498 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Giulia Paternoster Gianluca Boo Roman Flury Kursanbek M Raimkulov Gulnara Minbaeva Jumagul Usubalieva Maksym Bondarenko Beat Müllhaupt Peter Deplazes Reinhard Furrer Paul R Torgerson Association between environmental and climatic risk factors and the spatial distribution of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis (CE and AE) are neglected tropical diseases caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato and E. multilocularis, and are emerging zoonoses in Kyrgyzstan. In this country, the spatial distribution of CE and AE surgical incidence in 2014-2016 showed marked heterogeneity across communities, suggesting the presence of ecological determinants underlying CE and AE distributions. Methodology/principal findings For this reason, in this study we assessed potential associations between community-level confirmed primary CE (no.=2359) or AE (no.=546) cases in 2014-2016 in Kyrgyzstan and environmental and climatic variables derived from satellite-remote sensing datasets using conditional autoregressive models. We also mapped CE and AE relative risk. The number of AE cases was negatively associated with 10-year lag mean annual temperature. Although this time lag should not be considered as an exact measurement but with associated uncertainty, it is consistent with the estimated 10-15-year latency following AE infection. No associations were detected for CE. We also identified several communities at risk for CE or AE where no disease cases were reported in the study period. Conclusions/significance Our findings support the hypothesis that CE is linked to an anthropogenic cycle and is less affected by environmental risk factors compared to AE, which is believed to result from spillover from a wild life cycle. As CE was not affected by factors we investigated, hence control should not have a geographical focus. In contrast, AE risk areas identified in this study without reported AE cases should be targeted for active disease surveillance in humans. This active surveillance would confirm or exclude AE transmission which might not be reported with the present passive surveillance system. These areas should also be targeted for ecological investigations in the animal hosts. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Giulia Paternoster Gianluca Boo Roman Flury Kursanbek M Raimkulov Gulnara Minbaeva Jumagul Usubalieva Maksym Bondarenko Beat Müllhaupt Peter Deplazes Reinhard Furrer Paul R Torgerson |
author_facet |
Giulia Paternoster Gianluca Boo Roman Flury Kursanbek M Raimkulov Gulnara Minbaeva Jumagul Usubalieva Maksym Bondarenko Beat Müllhaupt Peter Deplazes Reinhard Furrer Paul R Torgerson |
author_sort |
Giulia Paternoster |
title |
Association between environmental and climatic risk factors and the spatial distribution of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan. |
title_short |
Association between environmental and climatic risk factors and the spatial distribution of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan. |
title_full |
Association between environmental and climatic risk factors and the spatial distribution of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan. |
title_fullStr |
Association between environmental and climatic risk factors and the spatial distribution of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Association between environmental and climatic risk factors and the spatial distribution of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan. |
title_sort |
association between environmental and climatic risk factors and the spatial distribution of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in kyrgyzstan. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009498 https://doaj.org/article/968bdbd889f841a690d9fc60f2de82f1 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 6, p e0009498 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009498 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009498 https://doaj.org/article/968bdbd889f841a690d9fc60f2de82f1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009498 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
e0009498 |
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1766344668955541504 |