Water Vapor Calibration: Using a Raman Lidar and Radiosoundings to Obtain Highly Resolved Water Vapor Profiles
We revised the calibration of a water vapor Raman lidar by co-located radiosoundings for a site in the high European Arctic. For this purpose, we defined robust criteria for a valid calibration. One of these criteria is the logarithm of the water vapor mixing ratio between the sonde and the lidar. W...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9667aa3855044f27ae731d38389b614d 2023-05-15T15:10:09+02:00 Water Vapor Calibration: Using a Raman Lidar and Radiosoundings to Obtain Highly Resolved Water Vapor Profiles Birte Solveig Kulla Christoph Ritter 2019-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060616 https://doaj.org/article/9667aa3855044f27ae731d38389b614d EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/6/616 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs11060616 https://doaj.org/article/9667aa3855044f27ae731d38389b614d Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 616 (2019) lidar Raman shift AWIPEV Svalbard water vapor water vapor calibration radiosonde GRUAN Vaisala atmosphere Science Q article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060616 2022-12-31T11:23:31Z We revised the calibration of a water vapor Raman lidar by co-located radiosoundings for a site in the high European Arctic. For this purpose, we defined robust criteria for a valid calibration. One of these criteria is the logarithm of the water vapor mixing ratio between the sonde and the lidar. With an error analysis, we showed that for our site correlations smaller than 0.95 could be explained neither by noise in the lidar nor by wrong assumptions concerning the aerosol or Rayleigh extinction. However, highly variable correlation coefficients between sonde and consecutive lidar profiles were found, suggesting that small scale variability of the humidity was our largest source of error. Therefore, not all co-located radiosoundings are useful for lidar calibration. As we assumed these changes to be non-systematic, averaging over several independent measurements increased the calibration’s quality. The calibration of the water vapor measurements from the lidar for individual profiles varied by less than ±5%. The seasonal median, used for calibration in this study, was stable and reliable (confidence ±1% for the season with most calibration profiles). Thus, the water vapor mixing ratio profiles from the Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar (KARL) are very accurate. They show high temporal variability up to 4 km altitude and, therefore, provide additional, independent information to the radiosonde. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Svalbard Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Svalbard Remote Sensing 11 6 616 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
lidar Raman shift AWIPEV Svalbard water vapor water vapor calibration radiosonde GRUAN Vaisala atmosphere Science Q |
spellingShingle |
lidar Raman shift AWIPEV Svalbard water vapor water vapor calibration radiosonde GRUAN Vaisala atmosphere Science Q Birte Solveig Kulla Christoph Ritter Water Vapor Calibration: Using a Raman Lidar and Radiosoundings to Obtain Highly Resolved Water Vapor Profiles |
topic_facet |
lidar Raman shift AWIPEV Svalbard water vapor water vapor calibration radiosonde GRUAN Vaisala atmosphere Science Q |
description |
We revised the calibration of a water vapor Raman lidar by co-located radiosoundings for a site in the high European Arctic. For this purpose, we defined robust criteria for a valid calibration. One of these criteria is the logarithm of the water vapor mixing ratio between the sonde and the lidar. With an error analysis, we showed that for our site correlations smaller than 0.95 could be explained neither by noise in the lidar nor by wrong assumptions concerning the aerosol or Rayleigh extinction. However, highly variable correlation coefficients between sonde and consecutive lidar profiles were found, suggesting that small scale variability of the humidity was our largest source of error. Therefore, not all co-located radiosoundings are useful for lidar calibration. As we assumed these changes to be non-systematic, averaging over several independent measurements increased the calibration’s quality. The calibration of the water vapor measurements from the lidar for individual profiles varied by less than ±5%. The seasonal median, used for calibration in this study, was stable and reliable (confidence ±1% for the season with most calibration profiles). Thus, the water vapor mixing ratio profiles from the Koldewey Aerosol Raman Lidar (KARL) are very accurate. They show high temporal variability up to 4 km altitude and, therefore, provide additional, independent information to the radiosonde. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Birte Solveig Kulla Christoph Ritter |
author_facet |
Birte Solveig Kulla Christoph Ritter |
author_sort |
Birte Solveig Kulla |
title |
Water Vapor Calibration: Using a Raman Lidar and Radiosoundings to Obtain Highly Resolved Water Vapor Profiles |
title_short |
Water Vapor Calibration: Using a Raman Lidar and Radiosoundings to Obtain Highly Resolved Water Vapor Profiles |
title_full |
Water Vapor Calibration: Using a Raman Lidar and Radiosoundings to Obtain Highly Resolved Water Vapor Profiles |
title_fullStr |
Water Vapor Calibration: Using a Raman Lidar and Radiosoundings to Obtain Highly Resolved Water Vapor Profiles |
title_full_unstemmed |
Water Vapor Calibration: Using a Raman Lidar and Radiosoundings to Obtain Highly Resolved Water Vapor Profiles |
title_sort |
water vapor calibration: using a raman lidar and radiosoundings to obtain highly resolved water vapor profiles |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060616 https://doaj.org/article/9667aa3855044f27ae731d38389b614d |
geographic |
Arctic Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Arctic Svalbard |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 11, Iss 6, p 616 (2019) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/11/6/616 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs11060616 https://doaj.org/article/9667aa3855044f27ae731d38389b614d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11060616 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
616 |
_version_ |
1766341204601995264 |