Asymptomatic carriage of Plasmodium falciparum by individuals with variant blood groups and haemoglobin genotypes in southern Ghana

• Published in: Malaria Journal
• Main Authors: Festus K. Acquah, Dickson Donu, Dorcas Bredu, Sophia Eyia-Ampah, Jones A. Amponsah, Joseph Quartey, Evans K. Obboh, Bernice A. Mawuli, Linda E. Amoah
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2020
• Subjects: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Infectious and parasitic diseases; RC109-216; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03299-1; https://doaj.org/article/94c170b0e8204e52ba1a51e42fa1fe46

Abstract Background The ABO and the Rhesus blood group systems, as well as various abnormal haemoglobin (Hb) variants (haemoglobinopathies) are known to influence malaria parasite carriage and disease severity in individuals living in malaria endemic areas. This study identified the blood group and Hb variant distribution and Plasmodium falciparum infection status of afebrile individuals living in southern Ghana. Methods Afebrile participants were recruited from Obom (358) in the Greater Accra Region and Ewim (100) and Simiw (329) in the Central Region of Ghana. Venous blood (1 ml) was collected into EDTA vacutainer tubes. Three 20 μl drops of blood were used for blood group analysis using the tile method. Another 500 μl aliquot was used for the qualitative sickling test using sodium metabisulphite and haemoglobin electrophoresis. Genomic DNA was extracted from 100 μl of whole blood and used in P. falciparum species-specific PCR. Results The most abundant blood group and abnormal haemoglobin variant in both sites was blood group O + (47.4%) and HbAS (15.8%). A total of 13 (1.7%) of the participants had full haemoglobinopathies (SS, SC and CC), whilst 196 (25.4%) were carriers (AS and AC). Although there was a significantly higher prevalence of sickling positive participants from the Central Region, genotyping identified a similar prevalence of each of the abnormal haemoglobin genes in both sites. Asymptomatic parasite carriage estimated by PCR was 40.9% in the Central Region and 41.8% in the Greater Accra Region. Conclusions Asymptomatic carriage of P. falciparum parasite in the study population was not associated with any particular blood group variant or haemoglobin genotype.