Resolving the internal and basal geometry of ice masses using imaging phase-sensitive radar

• Published in: Journal of Glaciology
• Main Authors: TUN JAN YOUNG, DUSTIN M. SCHROEDER, POUL CHRISTOFFERSEN, LAI BUN LOK, KEITH W. NICHOLLS, PAUL V. BRENNAN, SAMUEL H. DOYLE, BRYN HUBBARD, ALUN HUBBARD
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press 2018
• Subjects: Arctic glaciology; glaciological instruments and methods; ground-penetrating radar; radio-echo sounding; Environmental sciences; GE1-350; Meteorology. Climatology; QC851-999; Arctic; Greenland; glacier; Journal of Glaciology
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2018.54; https://doaj.org/article/93a928ce73444272a16d0eecfdbaf8de

The phase-sensitive radio-echo sounder (pRES) is a powerful new instrument that can measure the depth of internal layers and the glacier bed to millimetre accuracy. We use a stationary 16-antenna pRES array on Store Glacier in West Greenland to measure the three-dimensional orientation of dipping internal reflectors, extending the capabilities of pRES beyond conventional depth sounding. This novel technique portrays the effectiveness of pRES in deriving the orientation of dipping internal layers that may complement profiles obtained through other geophysical surveying methods. Deriving ice vertical strain rates from changes in layer depth as measured by a sequence of pRES observations assumes that the internal reflections come from vertically beneath the antenna. By revealing the orientation of internal reflectors and the potential deviation from nadir of their associated reflections, the use of an antenna array can correct this assumption. While the array configuration was able to resolve the geometry of englacial layers, the same configuration could not be used to accurately image the glacier bed. Here, we use simulations of the performance of different array geometries to identify configurations that can be tailored to study different types of basal geometry for future deployments.