The Predominance of Giardia duodenalis AII sub-assemblage in young children from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

• Published in: Biomédica
• Main Authors: Flávia Thamiris Figueiredo Pacheco, Renata Kelly Novaes Rodrigues Silva, Silvia Souza de Carvalho, Felipe Carvalho Rocha, Gisele Maria Trindade das Chagas, Daisy Chagas Gomes, Hugo da Costa-Ribeiro Junior, Tereza Cristina Medrado Ribeiro, Ângela Peixoto de Mattos, Luciano Kalabric Silva, Neci Matos Soares, Márcia Cristina Aquino Teixeira
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English; Spanish
• Published: Instituto Nacional de Salud 2020
• Subjects: giardiasis/epidemiology; child; daycare centers; brazil; Medicine; R; Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine; RC955-962; Arctic
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.5161; https://doaj.org/article/938390122d2842f887dc0c86d2373472

Introduction. Giardia duodenalis is an intestinal protozoan with a high prevalence in children of developing countries. Molecular studies revealed a great genetic diversity of G. duodenalis, with assemblages A and B found mainly in humans. Despite its importance, the information on the molecular epidemiology of human giardiasis is still limited in Brazil. Objective. To characterize G. duodenalis molecular isolates in children from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Materials and methods. Giardia duodenalis positive fecal samples were obtained from 71 children from two day care centers and 39 users of a clinical analysis laboratory. Samples were analyzed by PCR-RFLP of the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and beta-giardin genes and by the sequencing of beta-giardin. Results. Of the 110 G. duodenalis samples, 80 (72.7%) amplified one or both target genes. Of these, 62 (77.5 %) were identified as assemblage A and 18 (22.5%) as assemblage B. The subassemblage AII was identified in 58.8% (n=47) of isolates followed by the sub-assemblage AI (18.8%, n=15), BIV (11.2%, n=9), and BIII (5.0%, n=4). The AII sub-assemblage was the most frequent in children of both day care centers whereas AI was found only in the group attended at the clinical laboratory. Sub-assemblage AII predominated in children under two years. Conclusions. The higher frequency of AII sub-assemblage suggests that anthroponotic transmission is more common in Salvador, but that zoonotic transmission pathways are also present and a change in susceptibility to different molecular patterns of Giardia may occur during child growth.