Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015
Despite the backdrop of continuous global warming, sea ice extent has been found not to consistently decrease across the globe, and instead exhibit heterogeneous variability at middle to high latitudes. However, the existing studies are focused primarily on high latitude frozen seas, while studies o...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:924120e417184142b6873eeed81a3c00 2023-09-05T13:17:43+02:00 Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015 Yu Yan Dongdong Shao Wei Gu Chengyu Liu Qian Li Jinlong Chao Jun Tao Yingjun Xu 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa8116 https://doaj.org/article/924120e417184142b6873eeed81a3c00 EN eng IOP Publishing https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa8116 https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa8116 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/924120e417184142b6873eeed81a3c00 Environmental Research Letters, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 094014 (2017) sea ice cover anomalies Bohai Sea remote sensing climate factors seasonal cycle Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa8116 2023-08-13T00:37:34Z Despite the backdrop of continuous global warming, sea ice extent has been found not to consistently decrease across the globe, and instead exhibit heterogeneous variability at middle to high latitudes. However, the existing studies are focused primarily on high latitude frozen seas, while studies on the long-term variability of sea ice cover at middle latitudes are generally lacking. Afforded by continuous satellite imagery, evolution of sea ice cover over nearly three decades from 1988 to 2015 in the Bohai Sea as a peculiar mid-latitude frozen sea area is reported for the first time. An anomalous trend of slight overall increase of 1.38 ± 1.00% yr ^–1 ( R = 1.38, i.e. at a statistical significance of 80%) in Bohai Sea ice extent was observed over the 28 year period. The detrended annual average ice area (AAIA) was further found to correlate with a slight decreasing mean ice-period average temperature (IAT, r = –0.58, p < 0.01) of 11 meteorological stations around the Bohai Sea as well as a mild increasing cumulative freezing degree days ( CFDD , r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Correlation with decreasing Arctic Oscillation (AO) index ( r = –0.60, p < 0.01) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index ( r = –0.69, p < 0.01) over the study period suggested AO and NAO as the primary large-scale climate factors for Bohai Sea ice. In addition, the seasonal cycle of ice cover showed a single peak with longer freezing phase than melting phase, due to the different temperature change rate during the freezing and melting phases. The results can provide important references for monitoring the recent climate change in the region and beyond. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Climate change Global warming North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Environmental Research Letters 12 9 094014 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
sea ice cover anomalies Bohai Sea remote sensing climate factors seasonal cycle Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
spellingShingle |
sea ice cover anomalies Bohai Sea remote sensing climate factors seasonal cycle Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 Yu Yan Dongdong Shao Wei Gu Chengyu Liu Qian Li Jinlong Chao Jun Tao Yingjun Xu Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015 |
topic_facet |
sea ice cover anomalies Bohai Sea remote sensing climate factors seasonal cycle Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Science Q Physics QC1-999 |
description |
Despite the backdrop of continuous global warming, sea ice extent has been found not to consistently decrease across the globe, and instead exhibit heterogeneous variability at middle to high latitudes. However, the existing studies are focused primarily on high latitude frozen seas, while studies on the long-term variability of sea ice cover at middle latitudes are generally lacking. Afforded by continuous satellite imagery, evolution of sea ice cover over nearly three decades from 1988 to 2015 in the Bohai Sea as a peculiar mid-latitude frozen sea area is reported for the first time. An anomalous trend of slight overall increase of 1.38 ± 1.00% yr ^–1 ( R = 1.38, i.e. at a statistical significance of 80%) in Bohai Sea ice extent was observed over the 28 year period. The detrended annual average ice area (AAIA) was further found to correlate with a slight decreasing mean ice-period average temperature (IAT, r = –0.58, p < 0.01) of 11 meteorological stations around the Bohai Sea as well as a mild increasing cumulative freezing degree days ( CFDD , r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Correlation with decreasing Arctic Oscillation (AO) index ( r = –0.60, p < 0.01) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index ( r = –0.69, p < 0.01) over the study period suggested AO and NAO as the primary large-scale climate factors for Bohai Sea ice. In addition, the seasonal cycle of ice cover showed a single peak with longer freezing phase than melting phase, due to the different temperature change rate during the freezing and melting phases. The results can provide important references for monitoring the recent climate change in the region and beyond. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Yu Yan Dongdong Shao Wei Gu Chengyu Liu Qian Li Jinlong Chao Jun Tao Yingjun Xu |
author_facet |
Yu Yan Dongdong Shao Wei Gu Chengyu Liu Qian Li Jinlong Chao Jun Tao Yingjun Xu |
author_sort |
Yu Yan |
title |
Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015 |
title_short |
Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015 |
title_full |
Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015 |
title_fullStr |
Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015 |
title_sort |
multidecadal anomalies of bohai sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015 |
publisher |
IOP Publishing |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa8116 https://doaj.org/article/924120e417184142b6873eeed81a3c00 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Global warming North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Global warming North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Sea ice |
op_source |
Environmental Research Letters, Vol 12, Iss 9, p 094014 (2017) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa8116 https://doaj.org/toc/1748-9326 doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa8116 1748-9326 https://doaj.org/article/924120e417184142b6873eeed81a3c00 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa8116 |
container_title |
Environmental Research Letters |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
094014 |
_version_ |
1776198781615734784 |