When it just won’t go away: oral artemisinin monotherapy in Nigeria, threatening lives, threatening progress
Abstract Background Oral artemisinin monotherapy (AMT), an important contributor to multi-drug resistant malaria, has been banned in Nigeria. While oral AMT has scarcely been found for several years now in other malaria-endemic countries, availability has persisted in Nigeria’s private sector. In 20...
Published in: | Malaria Journal |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2017
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2102-7 https://doaj.org/article/9215e001dc26447e95db4790f6a84546 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9215e001dc26447e95db4790f6a84546 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:9215e001dc26447e95db4790f6a84546 2023-05-15T15:18:19+02:00 When it just won’t go away: oral artemisinin monotherapy in Nigeria, threatening lives, threatening progress ACTwatch Group Chinazo Ujuju Jennifer Anyanti Paul N. Newton Godwin Ntadom 2017-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2102-7 https://doaj.org/article/9215e001dc26447e95db4790f6a84546 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2102-7 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2102-7 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/9215e001dc26447e95db4790f6a84546 Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017) Oral artemisinin monotherapy Market share Manufacturing Anti-malarial products Availability Drug-resistance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2102-7 2022-12-31T06:46:18Z Abstract Background Oral artemisinin monotherapy (AMT), an important contributor to multi-drug resistant malaria, has been banned in Nigeria. While oral AMT has scarcely been found for several years now in other malaria-endemic countries, availability has persisted in Nigeria’s private sector. In 2015, the ACTwatch project conducted a nationally representative outlet survey. Results from the outlet survey show the extent to which oral AMT prevails in Nigeria’s anti-malarial market, and provide key product information to guide strategies for removal. Results Between August 10th and October 3rd, 2015 a total of 13,480 outlets were screened for availability of anti-malarials and/or malaria blood testing services. Among the 3624 anti-malarial outlets, 33,539 anti-malarial products were audited, of which 1740 were oral AMT products, primarily artesunate (n = 1731). Oral AMT was imported from three different countries (Vietnam, China and India), representing six different manufacturers and 11 different brands. Availability of oral AMT was highest among pharmacies (84.0%) and Patent Propriety Medicine Vendors (drug stores, PPMVs) (38.7%), and rarely found in the public sector (2.0%). Oral AMT consisted of 2.5% of the national anti-malarial market share. Of all oral AMT sold or distributed, 52.3% of the market share comprised of a Vietnamese product, Artesunat®, manufactured by Mekophar Chemical Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company. A further 35.1% of the market share were products from China, produced by three different manufacturers and 12.5% were from India by one manufacturer, Medrel Pharmaceuticals. Most of the oral AMT was distributed by PPMVs accounting for 82.2% of the oral AMT market share. The median price for a package of artesunate ($1.78) was slightly more expensive than the price of quality-assured (QA) artemether lumefantrine (AL) for an adult ($1.52). The median price for a package of artesunate suspension ($2.54) was three times more expensive than the price of a package of QA AL for a child ($0.76). ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 16 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Oral artemisinin monotherapy Market share Manufacturing Anti-malarial products Availability Drug-resistance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Oral artemisinin monotherapy Market share Manufacturing Anti-malarial products Availability Drug-resistance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 ACTwatch Group Chinazo Ujuju Jennifer Anyanti Paul N. Newton Godwin Ntadom When it just won’t go away: oral artemisinin monotherapy in Nigeria, threatening lives, threatening progress |
topic_facet |
Oral artemisinin monotherapy Market share Manufacturing Anti-malarial products Availability Drug-resistance Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Oral artemisinin monotherapy (AMT), an important contributor to multi-drug resistant malaria, has been banned in Nigeria. While oral AMT has scarcely been found for several years now in other malaria-endemic countries, availability has persisted in Nigeria’s private sector. In 2015, the ACTwatch project conducted a nationally representative outlet survey. Results from the outlet survey show the extent to which oral AMT prevails in Nigeria’s anti-malarial market, and provide key product information to guide strategies for removal. Results Between August 10th and October 3rd, 2015 a total of 13,480 outlets were screened for availability of anti-malarials and/or malaria blood testing services. Among the 3624 anti-malarial outlets, 33,539 anti-malarial products were audited, of which 1740 were oral AMT products, primarily artesunate (n = 1731). Oral AMT was imported from three different countries (Vietnam, China and India), representing six different manufacturers and 11 different brands. Availability of oral AMT was highest among pharmacies (84.0%) and Patent Propriety Medicine Vendors (drug stores, PPMVs) (38.7%), and rarely found in the public sector (2.0%). Oral AMT consisted of 2.5% of the national anti-malarial market share. Of all oral AMT sold or distributed, 52.3% of the market share comprised of a Vietnamese product, Artesunat®, manufactured by Mekophar Chemical Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Company. A further 35.1% of the market share were products from China, produced by three different manufacturers and 12.5% were from India by one manufacturer, Medrel Pharmaceuticals. Most of the oral AMT was distributed by PPMVs accounting for 82.2% of the oral AMT market share. The median price for a package of artesunate ($1.78) was slightly more expensive than the price of quality-assured (QA) artemether lumefantrine (AL) for an adult ($1.52). The median price for a package of artesunate suspension ($2.54) was three times more expensive than the price of a package of QA AL for a child ($0.76). ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
ACTwatch Group Chinazo Ujuju Jennifer Anyanti Paul N. Newton Godwin Ntadom |
author_facet |
ACTwatch Group Chinazo Ujuju Jennifer Anyanti Paul N. Newton Godwin Ntadom |
author_sort |
ACTwatch Group |
title |
When it just won’t go away: oral artemisinin monotherapy in Nigeria, threatening lives, threatening progress |
title_short |
When it just won’t go away: oral artemisinin monotherapy in Nigeria, threatening lives, threatening progress |
title_full |
When it just won’t go away: oral artemisinin monotherapy in Nigeria, threatening lives, threatening progress |
title_fullStr |
When it just won’t go away: oral artemisinin monotherapy in Nigeria, threatening lives, threatening progress |
title_full_unstemmed |
When it just won’t go away: oral artemisinin monotherapy in Nigeria, threatening lives, threatening progress |
title_sort |
when it just won’t go away: oral artemisinin monotherapy in nigeria, threatening lives, threatening progress |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2102-7 https://doaj.org/article/9215e001dc26447e95db4790f6a84546 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2102-7 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2102-7 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/9215e001dc26447e95db4790f6a84546 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2102-7 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766348512299057152 |