Chagas’ disease: an emergent urban zoonosis. The Caracas Valley (Venezuela) as an epidemiological model
The unprecedented emergence of important public health and veterinary zoonoses is usually a result of exponential population growth and globalization of human activities. I characterized Chagas´ disease as an emergent zoonosis in the Caracas Valley (Venezuela) due to the following findings: the pres...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:91e21eed7ad348eb997717bb2373253a 2023-05-15T18:05:32+02:00 Chagas’ disease: an emergent urban zoonosis. The Caracas Valley (Venezuela) as an epidemiological model Servio eUrdaneta-Morales 2014-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00265 https://doaj.org/article/91e21eed7ad348eb997717bb2373253a EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00265/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-2565 2296-2565 doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00265 https://doaj.org/article/91e21eed7ad348eb997717bb2373253a Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 2 (2014) Venezuela Zoonoses Chagas’ disease emerging urban zoonosis Caracas Valley (Venezuela) Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00265 2022-12-31T09:29:40Z The unprecedented emergence of important public health and veterinary zoonoses is usually a result of exponential population growth and globalization of human activities. I characterized Chagas´ disease as an emergent zoonosis in the Caracas Valley (Venezuela) due to the following findings: the presence of reservoirs (Didelphis marsupialis, Rattus rattus) and vectors (Panstrongylus geniculatus, P. rufotuberculatus) infected with Trypanosoma cruzi in urbanized or marginalized areas; the elevated contact between P. geniculatus and humans detected by parasitological and molecular examinations of triatomine faeces demonstrated the possibility of transmission risks; a study of outbreaks of urban Chagas´ disease reported the first proven cases of oral transmission of T. cruzi to humans; the risk of transmission of glandular metacyclic stages from marsupials by experimental ocular and oral instillation; mice genitalia infected with T. cruzi contaminated blood resulted in the formation of amastigotes very close to the lumen suggesting that there may be a possibility of infection via their release into the urine and thence to the exterior; the ubiquitous histotropism and histopathology of T. cruzi was demonstrated using a mouse model; the presence of experimental T. cruzi pseudocysts in adipose, bone-cartilage and eye tissue indicated a potential risk for transplants. Socio-sanitary programs that include improvements in housing, vector control and access to medical treatment, as well as strategies aimed at combating social inequalities, poverty and underdevelopment should be undertaken in those areas where zoonoses are most prevalent. Disciplines such as Ecology, Epidemiology, Medical Entomology, Human and Veterinary Medicine, Environmental Studies, Public Health, Social and Political Studies, Immunology, Microbiology and Pharmacology, could all provide important contributions that aim to reduce the occurrence of factors governing the spread of emergent diseases. Article in Journal/Newspaper Rattus rattus Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Public Health 2 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Venezuela Zoonoses Chagas’ disease emerging urban zoonosis Caracas Valley (Venezuela) Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Venezuela Zoonoses Chagas’ disease emerging urban zoonosis Caracas Valley (Venezuela) Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Servio eUrdaneta-Morales Chagas’ disease: an emergent urban zoonosis. The Caracas Valley (Venezuela) as an epidemiological model |
topic_facet |
Venezuela Zoonoses Chagas’ disease emerging urban zoonosis Caracas Valley (Venezuela) Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
The unprecedented emergence of important public health and veterinary zoonoses is usually a result of exponential population growth and globalization of human activities. I characterized Chagas´ disease as an emergent zoonosis in the Caracas Valley (Venezuela) due to the following findings: the presence of reservoirs (Didelphis marsupialis, Rattus rattus) and vectors (Panstrongylus geniculatus, P. rufotuberculatus) infected with Trypanosoma cruzi in urbanized or marginalized areas; the elevated contact between P. geniculatus and humans detected by parasitological and molecular examinations of triatomine faeces demonstrated the possibility of transmission risks; a study of outbreaks of urban Chagas´ disease reported the first proven cases of oral transmission of T. cruzi to humans; the risk of transmission of glandular metacyclic stages from marsupials by experimental ocular and oral instillation; mice genitalia infected with T. cruzi contaminated blood resulted in the formation of amastigotes very close to the lumen suggesting that there may be a possibility of infection via their release into the urine and thence to the exterior; the ubiquitous histotropism and histopathology of T. cruzi was demonstrated using a mouse model; the presence of experimental T. cruzi pseudocysts in adipose, bone-cartilage and eye tissue indicated a potential risk for transplants. Socio-sanitary programs that include improvements in housing, vector control and access to medical treatment, as well as strategies aimed at combating social inequalities, poverty and underdevelopment should be undertaken in those areas where zoonoses are most prevalent. Disciplines such as Ecology, Epidemiology, Medical Entomology, Human and Veterinary Medicine, Environmental Studies, Public Health, Social and Political Studies, Immunology, Microbiology and Pharmacology, could all provide important contributions that aim to reduce the occurrence of factors governing the spread of emergent diseases. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Servio eUrdaneta-Morales |
author_facet |
Servio eUrdaneta-Morales |
author_sort |
Servio eUrdaneta-Morales |
title |
Chagas’ disease: an emergent urban zoonosis. The Caracas Valley (Venezuela) as an epidemiological model |
title_short |
Chagas’ disease: an emergent urban zoonosis. The Caracas Valley (Venezuela) as an epidemiological model |
title_full |
Chagas’ disease: an emergent urban zoonosis. The Caracas Valley (Venezuela) as an epidemiological model |
title_fullStr |
Chagas’ disease: an emergent urban zoonosis. The Caracas Valley (Venezuela) as an epidemiological model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Chagas’ disease: an emergent urban zoonosis. The Caracas Valley (Venezuela) as an epidemiological model |
title_sort |
chagas’ disease: an emergent urban zoonosis. the caracas valley (venezuela) as an epidemiological model |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00265 https://doaj.org/article/91e21eed7ad348eb997717bb2373253a |
genre |
Rattus rattus |
genre_facet |
Rattus rattus |
op_source |
Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 2 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00265/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-2565 2296-2565 doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00265 https://doaj.org/article/91e21eed7ad348eb997717bb2373253a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2014.00265 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Public Health |
container_volume |
2 |
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1766177020555821056 |