Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions.
Infections with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are frequent, but one of its main consequences, ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), remains poorly understood. While its clinical description has recently attracted more attention and publications, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are only...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:903cfa5ad920402ca7f7396bf713cf29 2023-05-15T15:07:13+02:00 Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions. Valentin Greigert Faiza Bittich-Fahmi Alexander W Pfaff 2020-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905 https://doaj.org/article/903cfa5ad920402ca7f7396bf713cf29 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905 https://doaj.org/article/903cfa5ad920402ca7f7396bf713cf29 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 12, p e0008905 (2020) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905 2022-12-31T05:51:16Z Infections with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are frequent, but one of its main consequences, ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), remains poorly understood. While its clinical description has recently attracted more attention and publications, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are only sparsely elucidated, which is partly due to the inherent difficulties to establish relevant animal models. Furthermore, the particularities of the ocular environment explain why the abundant knowledge on systemic toxoplasmosis cannot be just transferred to the ocular situation. However, studies undertaken in mouse models have revealed a central role of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and, more surprisingly, interleukin 17 (IL17), in ocular pathology and parasite control. These studies also show the importance of the genetic background of the infective Toxoplasma strain. Indeed, infections due to exotic strains show a completely different pathophysiology, which translates in a different clinical outcome. These elements should lead to more individualized therapy. Furthermore, the recent advance in understanding the immune response during OT paved the way to new research leads, involving immune pathways poorly studied in this particular setting, such as type I and type III interferons. In any case, deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of this pathology is needed to establish new, more targeted treatment schemes. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14 12 e0008905 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Valentin Greigert Faiza Bittich-Fahmi Alexander W Pfaff Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Infections with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii are frequent, but one of its main consequences, ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), remains poorly understood. While its clinical description has recently attracted more attention and publications, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are only sparsely elucidated, which is partly due to the inherent difficulties to establish relevant animal models. Furthermore, the particularities of the ocular environment explain why the abundant knowledge on systemic toxoplasmosis cannot be just transferred to the ocular situation. However, studies undertaken in mouse models have revealed a central role of interferon gamma (IFNγ) and, more surprisingly, interleukin 17 (IL17), in ocular pathology and parasite control. These studies also show the importance of the genetic background of the infective Toxoplasma strain. Indeed, infections due to exotic strains show a completely different pathophysiology, which translates in a different clinical outcome. These elements should lead to more individualized therapy. Furthermore, the recent advance in understanding the immune response during OT paved the way to new research leads, involving immune pathways poorly studied in this particular setting, such as type I and type III interferons. In any case, deeper knowledge of the mechanisms of this pathology is needed to establish new, more targeted treatment schemes. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Valentin Greigert Faiza Bittich-Fahmi Alexander W Pfaff |
author_facet |
Valentin Greigert Faiza Bittich-Fahmi Alexander W Pfaff |
author_sort |
Valentin Greigert |
title |
Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions. |
title_short |
Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions. |
title_full |
Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions. |
title_fullStr |
Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions. |
title_sort |
pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: facts and open questions. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905 https://doaj.org/article/903cfa5ad920402ca7f7396bf713cf29 |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 14, Iss 12, p e0008905 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905 https://doaj.org/article/903cfa5ad920402ca7f7396bf713cf29 |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008905 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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12 |
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e0008905 |
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