Cytokine and protein markers of leprosy reactions in skin and nerves: baseline results for the North Indian INFIR cohort.
BACKGROUND: Previous studies investigating the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of leprosy have either been on only small numbers of patients or have not combined clinical and histological data. The INFIR Cohort study is a prospective study of 303 new multibacillary leprosy patients to identify...
Published in: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2011
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001327 https://doaj.org/article/8ec442deae1446be981ccc5d69d7d751 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:8ec442deae1446be981ccc5d69d7d751 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:8ec442deae1446be981ccc5d69d7d751 2023-05-15T15:18:32+02:00 Cytokine and protein markers of leprosy reactions in skin and nerves: baseline results for the North Indian INFIR cohort. Diana N J Lockwood Lavanya Suneetha Karuna Devi Sagili Meher Vani Chaduvula Ismail Mohammed Wim van Brakel W C Smith Peter Nicholls Sujai Suneetha 2011-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001327 https://doaj.org/article/8ec442deae1446be981ccc5d69d7d751 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3236729?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001327 https://doaj.org/article/8ec442deae1446be981ccc5d69d7d751 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 12, p e1327 (2011) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2011 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001327 2022-12-31T06:34:21Z BACKGROUND: Previous studies investigating the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of leprosy have either been on only small numbers of patients or have not combined clinical and histological data. The INFIR Cohort study is a prospective study of 303 new multibacillary leprosy patients to identify risk factors for reaction and nerve damage. This study characterised the cellular infiltrate in skin and nerve biopsies using light microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques to identify any association of cytokine markers, nerve and cell markers with leprosy reactions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: TNF-α, TGF-β and iNOS protein in skin and nerve biopsies were detected using monoclonal antibody detection immunohistochemistry techniques in 299 skin biopsies and 68 nerve biopsies taken from patients at recruitment. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, modified Fite Faraco, CD68 macrophage cell marker and S100. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Histological analysis of the biopsies showed that 43% had borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy, 27% borderline lepromatous leprosy, 9% lepromatous leprosy, 13% indeterminate leprosy types and 7% had no inflammation. Forty-six percent had histological evidence of a Type 1 Reaction (T1R) and 10% of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum. TNF-α was detected in 78% of skin biopsies (181/232), iNOS in 78% and TGF-β in 94%. All three molecules were detected at higher levels in patients with BT leprosy. TNF-α was localised within macrophages and epithelioid cells in the granuloma, in the epidermis and in dermal nerves in a few cases. TNF-α, iNOS and TGF-β were all significantly associated with T1R (p<0.001). Sixty-eight nerve biopsies were analysed. CD68, TNF-α and iNOS staining were detectable in 88%, 38% and 28% of the biopsies respectively. The three cytokines TNF-α, iNOS and TGF-β detected by immunohistochemistry showed a significant association with the presence of skin reaction. This study is the first to demonstrate an association of iNOS and TGF-β with T1R. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Indian PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 5 12 e1327 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Diana N J Lockwood Lavanya Suneetha Karuna Devi Sagili Meher Vani Chaduvula Ismail Mohammed Wim van Brakel W C Smith Peter Nicholls Sujai Suneetha Cytokine and protein markers of leprosy reactions in skin and nerves: baseline results for the North Indian INFIR cohort. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND: Previous studies investigating the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of leprosy have either been on only small numbers of patients or have not combined clinical and histological data. The INFIR Cohort study is a prospective study of 303 new multibacillary leprosy patients to identify risk factors for reaction and nerve damage. This study characterised the cellular infiltrate in skin and nerve biopsies using light microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques to identify any association of cytokine markers, nerve and cell markers with leprosy reactions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: TNF-α, TGF-β and iNOS protein in skin and nerve biopsies were detected using monoclonal antibody detection immunohistochemistry techniques in 299 skin biopsies and 68 nerve biopsies taken from patients at recruitment. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, modified Fite Faraco, CD68 macrophage cell marker and S100. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Histological analysis of the biopsies showed that 43% had borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy, 27% borderline lepromatous leprosy, 9% lepromatous leprosy, 13% indeterminate leprosy types and 7% had no inflammation. Forty-six percent had histological evidence of a Type 1 Reaction (T1R) and 10% of Erythema Nodosum Leprosum. TNF-α was detected in 78% of skin biopsies (181/232), iNOS in 78% and TGF-β in 94%. All three molecules were detected at higher levels in patients with BT leprosy. TNF-α was localised within macrophages and epithelioid cells in the granuloma, in the epidermis and in dermal nerves in a few cases. TNF-α, iNOS and TGF-β were all significantly associated with T1R (p<0.001). Sixty-eight nerve biopsies were analysed. CD68, TNF-α and iNOS staining were detectable in 88%, 38% and 28% of the biopsies respectively. The three cytokines TNF-α, iNOS and TGF-β detected by immunohistochemistry showed a significant association with the presence of skin reaction. This study is the first to demonstrate an association of iNOS and TGF-β with T1R. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Diana N J Lockwood Lavanya Suneetha Karuna Devi Sagili Meher Vani Chaduvula Ismail Mohammed Wim van Brakel W C Smith Peter Nicholls Sujai Suneetha |
author_facet |
Diana N J Lockwood Lavanya Suneetha Karuna Devi Sagili Meher Vani Chaduvula Ismail Mohammed Wim van Brakel W C Smith Peter Nicholls Sujai Suneetha |
author_sort |
Diana N J Lockwood |
title |
Cytokine and protein markers of leprosy reactions in skin and nerves: baseline results for the North Indian INFIR cohort. |
title_short |
Cytokine and protein markers of leprosy reactions in skin and nerves: baseline results for the North Indian INFIR cohort. |
title_full |
Cytokine and protein markers of leprosy reactions in skin and nerves: baseline results for the North Indian INFIR cohort. |
title_fullStr |
Cytokine and protein markers of leprosy reactions in skin and nerves: baseline results for the North Indian INFIR cohort. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cytokine and protein markers of leprosy reactions in skin and nerves: baseline results for the North Indian INFIR cohort. |
title_sort |
cytokine and protein markers of leprosy reactions in skin and nerves: baseline results for the north indian infir cohort. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001327 https://doaj.org/article/8ec442deae1446be981ccc5d69d7d751 |
geographic |
Arctic Indian |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Indian |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 5, Iss 12, p e1327 (2011) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3236729?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001327 https://doaj.org/article/8ec442deae1446be981ccc5d69d7d751 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001327 |
container_title |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
5 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
e1327 |
_version_ |
1766348723781107712 |