Tetraploid Ancestry Provided Atlantic Salmon With Two Paralogue Functional T Cell Receptor Beta Regions Whereof One Is Completely Novel
Protective cellular immune responses have been difficult to study in fish, due to lack of basic understanding of their T cell populations, and tools to study them. Cellular immunity is thus mostly ignored in vaccination and infection studies compared to humoral responses. High throughput sequencing,...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:8e98daa769f94858a78fb3bcf0c3c477 2023-05-15T15:29:57+02:00 Tetraploid Ancestry Provided Atlantic Salmon With Two Paralogue Functional T Cell Receptor Beta Regions Whereof One Is Completely Novel Unni Grimholt Arvind Y. M. Sundaram Cathrine Arnason Bøe Maria K. Dahle Morten Lukacs 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930312 https://doaj.org/article/8e98daa769f94858a78fb3bcf0c3c477 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930312/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 1664-3224 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.930312 https://doaj.org/article/8e98daa769f94858a78fb3bcf0c3c477 Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 13 (2022) adaptive immunity T cell receptor beta genes Atlantic salmon TRB whole genome duplication Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930312 2022-12-31T03:01:45Z Protective cellular immune responses have been difficult to study in fish, due to lack of basic understanding of their T cell populations, and tools to study them. Cellular immunity is thus mostly ignored in vaccination and infection studies compared to humoral responses. High throughput sequencing, as well as access to well assembled genomes, now advances studies of cellular responses. Here we have used such resources to describe organization of T cell receptor beta genes in Atlantic salmon. Salmonids experienced a unique whole genome duplication approximately 94 million years ago, which provided these species with many functional duplicate genes, where some duplicates have evolved new functions or sub-functions of the original gene copy. This is also the case for T cell receptor beta, where Atlantic salmon has retained two paralogue T cell receptor beta regions on chromosomes 01 and 09. Compared to catfish and zebrafish, the genomic organization in both regions is unique, each chromosomal region organized with dual variable- diversity- joining- constant genes in a head to head orientation. Sequence identity of the chromosomal constant sequences between TRB01 and TRB09 is suggestive of rapid diversification, with only 67 percent as opposed to the average 82-90 percent for other duplicated genes. Using virus challenged samples we find both regions expressing bona fide functional T cell receptor beta molecules. Adding the 292 variable T cell receptor alpha genes to the 100 variable TRB genes from 14 subgroups, Atlantic salmon has one of the most diverse T cell receptor alpha beta repertoire of any vertebrate studied so far. Perhaps salmonid cellular immunity is more advanced than we have imagined. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Immunology 13 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
adaptive immunity T cell receptor beta genes Atlantic salmon TRB whole genome duplication Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 |
spellingShingle |
adaptive immunity T cell receptor beta genes Atlantic salmon TRB whole genome duplication Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Unni Grimholt Arvind Y. M. Sundaram Cathrine Arnason Bøe Maria K. Dahle Morten Lukacs Tetraploid Ancestry Provided Atlantic Salmon With Two Paralogue Functional T Cell Receptor Beta Regions Whereof One Is Completely Novel |
topic_facet |
adaptive immunity T cell receptor beta genes Atlantic salmon TRB whole genome duplication Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 |
description |
Protective cellular immune responses have been difficult to study in fish, due to lack of basic understanding of their T cell populations, and tools to study them. Cellular immunity is thus mostly ignored in vaccination and infection studies compared to humoral responses. High throughput sequencing, as well as access to well assembled genomes, now advances studies of cellular responses. Here we have used such resources to describe organization of T cell receptor beta genes in Atlantic salmon. Salmonids experienced a unique whole genome duplication approximately 94 million years ago, which provided these species with many functional duplicate genes, where some duplicates have evolved new functions or sub-functions of the original gene copy. This is also the case for T cell receptor beta, where Atlantic salmon has retained two paralogue T cell receptor beta regions on chromosomes 01 and 09. Compared to catfish and zebrafish, the genomic organization in both regions is unique, each chromosomal region organized with dual variable- diversity- joining- constant genes in a head to head orientation. Sequence identity of the chromosomal constant sequences between TRB01 and TRB09 is suggestive of rapid diversification, with only 67 percent as opposed to the average 82-90 percent for other duplicated genes. Using virus challenged samples we find both regions expressing bona fide functional T cell receptor beta molecules. Adding the 292 variable T cell receptor alpha genes to the 100 variable TRB genes from 14 subgroups, Atlantic salmon has one of the most diverse T cell receptor alpha beta repertoire of any vertebrate studied so far. Perhaps salmonid cellular immunity is more advanced than we have imagined. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Unni Grimholt Arvind Y. M. Sundaram Cathrine Arnason Bøe Maria K. Dahle Morten Lukacs |
author_facet |
Unni Grimholt Arvind Y. M. Sundaram Cathrine Arnason Bøe Maria K. Dahle Morten Lukacs |
author_sort |
Unni Grimholt |
title |
Tetraploid Ancestry Provided Atlantic Salmon With Two Paralogue Functional T Cell Receptor Beta Regions Whereof One Is Completely Novel |
title_short |
Tetraploid Ancestry Provided Atlantic Salmon With Two Paralogue Functional T Cell Receptor Beta Regions Whereof One Is Completely Novel |
title_full |
Tetraploid Ancestry Provided Atlantic Salmon With Two Paralogue Functional T Cell Receptor Beta Regions Whereof One Is Completely Novel |
title_fullStr |
Tetraploid Ancestry Provided Atlantic Salmon With Two Paralogue Functional T Cell Receptor Beta Regions Whereof One Is Completely Novel |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tetraploid Ancestry Provided Atlantic Salmon With Two Paralogue Functional T Cell Receptor Beta Regions Whereof One Is Completely Novel |
title_sort |
tetraploid ancestry provided atlantic salmon with two paralogue functional t cell receptor beta regions whereof one is completely novel |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930312 https://doaj.org/article/8e98daa769f94858a78fb3bcf0c3c477 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_source |
Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 13 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930312/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224 1664-3224 doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.930312 https://doaj.org/article/8e98daa769f94858a78fb3bcf0c3c477 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.930312 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Immunology |
container_volume |
13 |
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1766360406049161216 |