High genome plasticity and frequent genetic exchange in Leishmania tropica isolates from Afghanistan, Iran and Syria.
Background The kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania tropica mainly causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans in the Middle East, and relapse or treatment failure after treatment are common in this area. L. tropica's digenic life cycle includes distinct stages in the vector sandfly and the mammalia...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:8e56e8c61d544ee98ef7fc6ec7f2cfbd 2023-05-15T15:12:33+02:00 High genome plasticity and frequent genetic exchange in Leishmania tropica isolates from Afghanistan, Iran and Syria. Hedvig Glans Maria Lind Karlberg Reza Advani Maria Bradley Erik Alm Björn Andersson Tim Downing 2021-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010110 https://doaj.org/article/8e56e8c61d544ee98ef7fc6ec7f2cfbd EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010110 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010110 https://doaj.org/article/8e56e8c61d544ee98ef7fc6ec7f2cfbd PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 12, p e0010110 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010110 2022-12-31T11:06:36Z Background The kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania tropica mainly causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans in the Middle East, and relapse or treatment failure after treatment are common in this area. L. tropica's digenic life cycle includes distinct stages in the vector sandfly and the mammalian host. Sexual reproduction and genetic exchange appear to occur more frequently than in other Leishmania species. Understanding these processes is complicated by chromosome instability during cell division that yields aneuploidy, recombination and heterozygosity. This combination of rare recombination and aneuploid permits may reveal signs of hypothetical parasexual mating, where diploid cells fuse to form a transient tetraploid that undergoes chromosomal recombination and gradual chromosomal loss. Methodology/principal findings The genome-wide SNP diversity from 22 L. tropica isolates showed chromosome-specific runs of patchy heterozygosity and extensive chromosome copy number variation. All these isolates were collected during 2007-2017 in Sweden from patients infected in the Middle East and included isolates from a patient possessing two genetically distinct leishmaniasis infections three years apart with no evidence of re-infection. We found differing ancestries on the same chromosome (chr36) across multiple samples: matching the reference genome with few derived alleles, followed by blocks of heterozygous SNPs, and then by clusters of homozygous SNPs with specific recombination breakpoints at an inferred origin of replication. Other chromosomes had similar marked changes in heterozygosity at strand-switch regions separating polycistronic transcriptional units. Conclusion/significance These large-scale intra- and inter-chromosomal changes in diversity driven by recombination and aneuploidy suggest multiple mechanisms of cell reproduction and diversification in L. tropica, including mitotic, meiotic and parasexual processes. It underpins the need for more genomic surveillance of Leishmania, to detect emerging hybrids ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 12 e0010110 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Hedvig Glans Maria Lind Karlberg Reza Advani Maria Bradley Erik Alm Björn Andersson Tim Downing High genome plasticity and frequent genetic exchange in Leishmania tropica isolates from Afghanistan, Iran and Syria. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background The kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania tropica mainly causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans in the Middle East, and relapse or treatment failure after treatment are common in this area. L. tropica's digenic life cycle includes distinct stages in the vector sandfly and the mammalian host. Sexual reproduction and genetic exchange appear to occur more frequently than in other Leishmania species. Understanding these processes is complicated by chromosome instability during cell division that yields aneuploidy, recombination and heterozygosity. This combination of rare recombination and aneuploid permits may reveal signs of hypothetical parasexual mating, where diploid cells fuse to form a transient tetraploid that undergoes chromosomal recombination and gradual chromosomal loss. Methodology/principal findings The genome-wide SNP diversity from 22 L. tropica isolates showed chromosome-specific runs of patchy heterozygosity and extensive chromosome copy number variation. All these isolates were collected during 2007-2017 in Sweden from patients infected in the Middle East and included isolates from a patient possessing two genetically distinct leishmaniasis infections three years apart with no evidence of re-infection. We found differing ancestries on the same chromosome (chr36) across multiple samples: matching the reference genome with few derived alleles, followed by blocks of heterozygous SNPs, and then by clusters of homozygous SNPs with specific recombination breakpoints at an inferred origin of replication. Other chromosomes had similar marked changes in heterozygosity at strand-switch regions separating polycistronic transcriptional units. Conclusion/significance These large-scale intra- and inter-chromosomal changes in diversity driven by recombination and aneuploidy suggest multiple mechanisms of cell reproduction and diversification in L. tropica, including mitotic, meiotic and parasexual processes. It underpins the need for more genomic surveillance of Leishmania, to detect emerging hybrids ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hedvig Glans Maria Lind Karlberg Reza Advani Maria Bradley Erik Alm Björn Andersson Tim Downing |
author_facet |
Hedvig Glans Maria Lind Karlberg Reza Advani Maria Bradley Erik Alm Björn Andersson Tim Downing |
author_sort |
Hedvig Glans |
title |
High genome plasticity and frequent genetic exchange in Leishmania tropica isolates from Afghanistan, Iran and Syria. |
title_short |
High genome plasticity and frequent genetic exchange in Leishmania tropica isolates from Afghanistan, Iran and Syria. |
title_full |
High genome plasticity and frequent genetic exchange in Leishmania tropica isolates from Afghanistan, Iran and Syria. |
title_fullStr |
High genome plasticity and frequent genetic exchange in Leishmania tropica isolates from Afghanistan, Iran and Syria. |
title_full_unstemmed |
High genome plasticity and frequent genetic exchange in Leishmania tropica isolates from Afghanistan, Iran and Syria. |
title_sort |
high genome plasticity and frequent genetic exchange in leishmania tropica isolates from afghanistan, iran and syria. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010110 https://doaj.org/article/8e56e8c61d544ee98ef7fc6ec7f2cfbd |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 12, p e0010110 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010110 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0010110 https://doaj.org/article/8e56e8c61d544ee98ef7fc6ec7f2cfbd |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010110 |
container_title |
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
e0010110 |
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1766343217172709376 |