Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Temperature at 10 and 50 cm Depths in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor
Soil temperature plays an essential role in the permafrost thermal state and degradation process. Especially the soil temperatures at 10 cm and 50 cm depths in the active layer, which are much easier to be observed in situ, have great effects on the surface water cycles and vegetation, and could be...
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2023
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:8dc1ae6030b64451a13f25f93d7a352d 2023-05-15T17:56:52+02:00 Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Temperature at 10 and 50 cm Depths in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor Mengdi Jiao Lin Zhao Chong Wang Guojie Hu Yan Li Jianting Zhao Defu Zou Zanpin Xing Yongping Qiao Guangyue Liu Erji Du Minxuan Xiao Yingxu Hou 2023-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020455 https://doaj.org/article/8dc1ae6030b64451a13f25f93d7a352d EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/455 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs15020455 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/8dc1ae6030b64451a13f25f93d7a352d Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 455, p 455 (2023) Qinghai–Tibet corridor reanalysis data soil temperature data correction warming rate Science Q article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020455 2023-01-22T01:26:17Z Soil temperature plays an essential role in the permafrost thermal state and degradation process. Especially the soil temperatures at 10 cm and 50 cm depths in the active layer, which are much easier to be observed in situ, have great effects on the surface water cycles and vegetation, and could be used as the upper boundary for permafrost models to simulate the thermal state of the permafrost and active layer thicknesses. However, due to the limitations of the observation data, there are still large uncertainties in the soil temperature data, including at these two depths, in the permafrost region of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). In this study, we evaluated and calibrated the applicability of four daily shallow soil temperature datasets (i.e., MERRA-2, GLDAS-Noah, ERA5-Land, and CFSR) by using the in situ soil temperature data from eight observation sites from 2004 to 2018 in the permafrost region along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor. The results revealed that there were different uncertainties for all four sets of reanalysis data, which were the largest (Bias = −2.44 °C) in CFSR and smallest (Bias= −0.43 °C) in GLDAS-Noah at depths of 10 cm and 50 cm. Overall, the reanalysis datasets reflect the trends of soil temperature, and the applicability of reanalysis data at 50 cm depth is better than at 10 cm depth. Furthermore, the GLDAS-Noah soil temperatures were recalibrated based on our observations using multiple linear regression and random forest models. The accuracy of the corrected daily soil temperature was significantly improved, and the RMSE was reduced by 1.49 °C and 1.28 °C at the depth of 10 cm and 50 cm, respectively. The random forest model performed better in the calibration of soil temperature data from GLDAS-Noah. Finally, the warming rates of soil temperature were analyzed, which were 0.0994 °C/a and 0.1005 °C/a at 10 cm and 50 cm depth from 2004 to 2018, respectively. Article in Journal/Newspaper permafrost Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Merra ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) Corridor The ENVELOPE(78.139,78.139,-68.582,-68.582) Corridor, The ENVELOPE(78.139,78.139,-68.582,-68.582) Remote Sensing 15 2 455 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Qinghai–Tibet corridor reanalysis data soil temperature data correction warming rate Science Q |
spellingShingle |
Qinghai–Tibet corridor reanalysis data soil temperature data correction warming rate Science Q Mengdi Jiao Lin Zhao Chong Wang Guojie Hu Yan Li Jianting Zhao Defu Zou Zanpin Xing Yongping Qiao Guangyue Liu Erji Du Minxuan Xiao Yingxu Hou Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Temperature at 10 and 50 cm Depths in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor |
topic_facet |
Qinghai–Tibet corridor reanalysis data soil temperature data correction warming rate Science Q |
description |
Soil temperature plays an essential role in the permafrost thermal state and degradation process. Especially the soil temperatures at 10 cm and 50 cm depths in the active layer, which are much easier to be observed in situ, have great effects on the surface water cycles and vegetation, and could be used as the upper boundary for permafrost models to simulate the thermal state of the permafrost and active layer thicknesses. However, due to the limitations of the observation data, there are still large uncertainties in the soil temperature data, including at these two depths, in the permafrost region of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). In this study, we evaluated and calibrated the applicability of four daily shallow soil temperature datasets (i.e., MERRA-2, GLDAS-Noah, ERA5-Land, and CFSR) by using the in situ soil temperature data from eight observation sites from 2004 to 2018 in the permafrost region along the Qinghai–Tibet Engineering Corridor. The results revealed that there were different uncertainties for all four sets of reanalysis data, which were the largest (Bias = −2.44 °C) in CFSR and smallest (Bias= −0.43 °C) in GLDAS-Noah at depths of 10 cm and 50 cm. Overall, the reanalysis datasets reflect the trends of soil temperature, and the applicability of reanalysis data at 50 cm depth is better than at 10 cm depth. Furthermore, the GLDAS-Noah soil temperatures were recalibrated based on our observations using multiple linear regression and random forest models. The accuracy of the corrected daily soil temperature was significantly improved, and the RMSE was reduced by 1.49 °C and 1.28 °C at the depth of 10 cm and 50 cm, respectively. The random forest model performed better in the calibration of soil temperature data from GLDAS-Noah. Finally, the warming rates of soil temperature were analyzed, which were 0.0994 °C/a and 0.1005 °C/a at 10 cm and 50 cm depth from 2004 to 2018, respectively. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Mengdi Jiao Lin Zhao Chong Wang Guojie Hu Yan Li Jianting Zhao Defu Zou Zanpin Xing Yongping Qiao Guangyue Liu Erji Du Minxuan Xiao Yingxu Hou |
author_facet |
Mengdi Jiao Lin Zhao Chong Wang Guojie Hu Yan Li Jianting Zhao Defu Zou Zanpin Xing Yongping Qiao Guangyue Liu Erji Du Minxuan Xiao Yingxu Hou |
author_sort |
Mengdi Jiao |
title |
Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Temperature at 10 and 50 cm Depths in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor |
title_short |
Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Temperature at 10 and 50 cm Depths in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor |
title_full |
Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Temperature at 10 and 50 cm Depths in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor |
title_fullStr |
Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Temperature at 10 and 50 cm Depths in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spatiotemporal Variations of Soil Temperature at 10 and 50 cm Depths in Permafrost Regions along the Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor |
title_sort |
spatiotemporal variations of soil temperature at 10 and 50 cm depths in permafrost regions along the qinghai-tibet engineering corridor |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020455 https://doaj.org/article/8dc1ae6030b64451a13f25f93d7a352d |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) ENVELOPE(78.139,78.139,-68.582,-68.582) ENVELOPE(78.139,78.139,-68.582,-68.582) |
geographic |
Merra Corridor The Corridor, The |
geographic_facet |
Merra Corridor The Corridor, The |
genre |
permafrost |
genre_facet |
permafrost |
op_source |
Remote Sensing, Vol 15, Iss 455, p 455 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/2/455 https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292 doi:10.3390/rs15020455 2072-4292 https://doaj.org/article/8dc1ae6030b64451a13f25f93d7a352d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15020455 |
container_title |
Remote Sensing |
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15 |
container_issue |
2 |
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455 |
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1766165168653336576 |