Indigenous self-determination in fisheries governance: implications from New Zealand and Atlantic Canada
The United Nations’ Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) recognized Indigenous rights to self-determination. How these rights can be realized in territories governed by settler-states remains unclear. For fisheries, the need to understand processes that support Indigenous self-de...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:8d9beb69b4a14696bdb71815d74f0ae4 2024-09-15T18:18:51+00:00 Indigenous self-determination in fisheries governance: implications from New Zealand and Atlantic Canada Hekia Bodwitch Kayla M. Hamelin Kenneth Paul John Reid Megan Bailey 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1297975 https://doaj.org/article/8d9beb69b4a14696bdb71815d74f0ae4 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1297975/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1297975 https://doaj.org/article/8d9beb69b4a14696bdb71815d74f0ae4 Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 11 (2024) environmental governance fisheries sovereignty marine environmental justice equity Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1297975 2024-08-05T17:49:05Z The United Nations’ Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) recognized Indigenous rights to self-determination. How these rights can be realized in territories governed by settler-states remains unclear. For fisheries, the need to understand processes that support Indigenous self-determination has gained urgency due to government commitments and investor interest in developing ocean and coastal resources, or Blue Economies, amid rapid climatic changes. Here, we explored Indigenous groups’ fishery development experiences following two approaches to reconciling Indigenous fishing rights. In New Zealand, we examined Māori groups’ experiences following the 1992 Treaty of Waitangi (Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act. The Settlement granted Māori iwi (tribes) rights to self-govern non-commercial harvests, restrict fishing pressure in state-approved customary fishing areas, and participate in state-run systems for commercial fisheries management. In Canada, we investigated Indigenous fishery development initiatives following the Supreme Court of Canada’s 1999 ruling R. v. Marshall. Marshall reaffirmed Treaty-protected rights to harvest and trade fish, held by Mi’kmaq, Wolastoqey, and Peskotomuhkati Peoples, to support a “moderate livelihood.” We document how, in both cases, Indigenous groups’ self-determination remains constrained by actions from state regulatory and enforcement agencies that govern market access, other resource users’ activities, and processes for collecting and sharing information about fish populations. Indigenous groups’ experiences highlight that: 1) reallocations of harvest rights, on their own, are an insufficient means to redistribute access to benefits from fisheries; 2) the constraints Indigenous families have experienced in their attempts to develop small-scale fishing operations correspond to settler-state policies and cannot be addressed solely through changes to Indigenous leaders’ management decisions; and 3) polycentricity in governance regimes can pose problems for ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Mi’kmaq Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Marine Science 11 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
topic |
environmental governance fisheries sovereignty marine environmental justice equity Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
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environmental governance fisheries sovereignty marine environmental justice equity Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Hekia Bodwitch Kayla M. Hamelin Kenneth Paul John Reid Megan Bailey Indigenous self-determination in fisheries governance: implications from New Zealand and Atlantic Canada |
topic_facet |
environmental governance fisheries sovereignty marine environmental justice equity Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
The United Nations’ Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP) recognized Indigenous rights to self-determination. How these rights can be realized in territories governed by settler-states remains unclear. For fisheries, the need to understand processes that support Indigenous self-determination has gained urgency due to government commitments and investor interest in developing ocean and coastal resources, or Blue Economies, amid rapid climatic changes. Here, we explored Indigenous groups’ fishery development experiences following two approaches to reconciling Indigenous fishing rights. In New Zealand, we examined Māori groups’ experiences following the 1992 Treaty of Waitangi (Fisheries Claims) Settlement Act. The Settlement granted Māori iwi (tribes) rights to self-govern non-commercial harvests, restrict fishing pressure in state-approved customary fishing areas, and participate in state-run systems for commercial fisheries management. In Canada, we investigated Indigenous fishery development initiatives following the Supreme Court of Canada’s 1999 ruling R. v. Marshall. Marshall reaffirmed Treaty-protected rights to harvest and trade fish, held by Mi’kmaq, Wolastoqey, and Peskotomuhkati Peoples, to support a “moderate livelihood.” We document how, in both cases, Indigenous groups’ self-determination remains constrained by actions from state regulatory and enforcement agencies that govern market access, other resource users’ activities, and processes for collecting and sharing information about fish populations. Indigenous groups’ experiences highlight that: 1) reallocations of harvest rights, on their own, are an insufficient means to redistribute access to benefits from fisheries; 2) the constraints Indigenous families have experienced in their attempts to develop small-scale fishing operations correspond to settler-state policies and cannot be addressed solely through changes to Indigenous leaders’ management decisions; and 3) polycentricity in governance regimes can pose problems for ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Hekia Bodwitch Kayla M. Hamelin Kenneth Paul John Reid Megan Bailey |
author_facet |
Hekia Bodwitch Kayla M. Hamelin Kenneth Paul John Reid Megan Bailey |
author_sort |
Hekia Bodwitch |
title |
Indigenous self-determination in fisheries governance: implications from New Zealand and Atlantic Canada |
title_short |
Indigenous self-determination in fisheries governance: implications from New Zealand and Atlantic Canada |
title_full |
Indigenous self-determination in fisheries governance: implications from New Zealand and Atlantic Canada |
title_fullStr |
Indigenous self-determination in fisheries governance: implications from New Zealand and Atlantic Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Indigenous self-determination in fisheries governance: implications from New Zealand and Atlantic Canada |
title_sort |
indigenous self-determination in fisheries governance: implications from new zealand and atlantic canada |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1297975 https://doaj.org/article/8d9beb69b4a14696bdb71815d74f0ae4 |
genre |
Mi’kmaq |
genre_facet |
Mi’kmaq |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 11 (2024) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1297975/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2024.1297975 https://doaj.org/article/8d9beb69b4a14696bdb71815d74f0ae4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1297975 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
11 |
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1810456955349630976 |