Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837), infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are more susceptible to infectious salmon anemia virus.
The role of parasitic sea lice (Siphonostomatoida; Caligidae), especially Lepeophtheirus salmonis, in the epidemiology of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAv) has long been suspected. The epidemiological studies conducted during the 1998 major Infectious Salmon Anaemia (ISA) outbreak in Scotland de...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:8c8c6e8ea6e64bfba9ab33ed6a6612cc 2023-05-15T15:28:42+02:00 Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837), infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are more susceptible to infectious salmon anemia virus. Sarah E Barker Ian R Bricknell Julia Covello Sarah Purcell Mark D Fast William Wolters Deborah A Bouchard 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209178 https://doaj.org/article/8c8c6e8ea6e64bfba9ab33ed6a6612cc EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209178 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209178 https://doaj.org/article/8c8c6e8ea6e64bfba9ab33ed6a6612cc PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 1, p e0209178 (2019) Medicine R Science Q article 2019 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209178 2022-12-31T11:42:55Z The role of parasitic sea lice (Siphonostomatoida; Caligidae), especially Lepeophtheirus salmonis, in the epidemiology of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAv) has long been suspected. The epidemiological studies conducted during the 1998 major Infectious Salmon Anaemia (ISA) outbreak in Scotland demonstrated a strong correlation between sea lice presence and ISAv positive sites or subsequent clinical outbreaks of ISA. The question posed from this observation was "do sea lice infestations on Atlantic salmon make them more susceptible to viral infections?" This study investigated the role that sea lice infestations have on the severity of ISAv infections and disease mortality in experimental populations of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). A series of experiments was carried out that investigated the potential of sea lice to modify the outcome of an ISAv infection. Experimental populations of Atlantic salmon were established that had: no lice and no ISAv, a single infection with either ISAv or lice and a co-infection with lice then ISAV. The results were quite clear, the process of infestation by the parasite prior to ISAv exposure significantly increased the mortality and death rates of Atlantic salmon, when compared to uninfected controls and ISAv infected groups only. This was consistent over two source strains of Atlantic salmon (Pennobscot and Saint John River), but the severity and timing was altered. Immunological responses were also consistent in that pro-inflammatory genes were induced in lice only and co-infected fish, whereas the anti-viral response, Mx, MH class I β, Galectin 9 and TRIM 16, 25 genes were down-regulated by lice infection prior to and shortly after co-infection with ISAv. It is concluded that the sea lice settlement on Atlantic salmon and the parasite's subsequent manipulation of the host's immune system, which increases parasite settlement success, also increased susceptibility to ISAv. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles PLOS ONE 14 1 e0209178 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Sarah E Barker Ian R Bricknell Julia Covello Sarah Purcell Mark D Fast William Wolters Deborah A Bouchard Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837), infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are more susceptible to infectious salmon anemia virus. |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
The role of parasitic sea lice (Siphonostomatoida; Caligidae), especially Lepeophtheirus salmonis, in the epidemiology of Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus (ISAv) has long been suspected. The epidemiological studies conducted during the 1998 major Infectious Salmon Anaemia (ISA) outbreak in Scotland demonstrated a strong correlation between sea lice presence and ISAv positive sites or subsequent clinical outbreaks of ISA. The question posed from this observation was "do sea lice infestations on Atlantic salmon make them more susceptible to viral infections?" This study investigated the role that sea lice infestations have on the severity of ISAv infections and disease mortality in experimental populations of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). A series of experiments was carried out that investigated the potential of sea lice to modify the outcome of an ISAv infection. Experimental populations of Atlantic salmon were established that had: no lice and no ISAv, a single infection with either ISAv or lice and a co-infection with lice then ISAV. The results were quite clear, the process of infestation by the parasite prior to ISAv exposure significantly increased the mortality and death rates of Atlantic salmon, when compared to uninfected controls and ISAv infected groups only. This was consistent over two source strains of Atlantic salmon (Pennobscot and Saint John River), but the severity and timing was altered. Immunological responses were also consistent in that pro-inflammatory genes were induced in lice only and co-infected fish, whereas the anti-viral response, Mx, MH class I β, Galectin 9 and TRIM 16, 25 genes were down-regulated by lice infection prior to and shortly after co-infection with ISAv. It is concluded that the sea lice settlement on Atlantic salmon and the parasite's subsequent manipulation of the host's immune system, which increases parasite settlement success, also increased susceptibility to ISAv. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Sarah E Barker Ian R Bricknell Julia Covello Sarah Purcell Mark D Fast William Wolters Deborah A Bouchard |
author_facet |
Sarah E Barker Ian R Bricknell Julia Covello Sarah Purcell Mark D Fast William Wolters Deborah A Bouchard |
author_sort |
Sarah E Barker |
title |
Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837), infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are more susceptible to infectious salmon anemia virus. |
title_short |
Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837), infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are more susceptible to infectious salmon anemia virus. |
title_full |
Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837), infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are more susceptible to infectious salmon anemia virus. |
title_fullStr |
Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837), infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are more susceptible to infectious salmon anemia virus. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer 1837), infected Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are more susceptible to infectious salmon anemia virus. |
title_sort |
sea lice, lepeophtheirus salmonis (krøyer 1837), infected atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) are more susceptible to infectious salmon anemia virus. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209178 https://doaj.org/article/8c8c6e8ea6e64bfba9ab33ed6a6612cc |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 1, p e0209178 (2019) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209178 https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209178 https://doaj.org/article/8c8c6e8ea6e64bfba9ab33ed6a6612cc |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209178 |
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PLOS ONE |
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14 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
e0209178 |
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1766359047629438976 |