Direct radiative forcing of biomass burning aerosols from the extensive Australian wildfires in 2019–2020

In 2019, an unusually strong positive Indian Ocean Dipole spawned hot and dry weather in southeastern Australia, which promoted devastating wildfires in the period from September 2019 to February 2020. The fires produced large plumes of biomass burning aerosols that prevented sunlight from reaching...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental Research Letters
Main Authors: Dong Yeong Chang, Jongmin Yoon, Johannes Lelieveld, Seon Ki Park, Seong Soo Yum, Jhoon Kim, Sujong Jeong
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2021
Subjects:
wildfires
direct aerosol radiative forcing
MODIS
AERONET
Australia
biomass burning
Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering
TD1-1066
Environmental sciences
GE1-350
Science
Q
Physics
QC1-999
Indian
Pacific
Aerosol Robotic Network
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abecfe
https://doaj.org/article/8b5ae2325d624afabdcb68c36a750d85
Description
Summary:In 2019, an unusually strong positive Indian Ocean Dipole spawned hot and dry weather in southeastern Australia, which promoted devastating wildfires in the period from September 2019 to February 2020. The fires produced large plumes of biomass burning aerosols that prevented sunlight from reaching the Earth’s surface, and in this way elicited regional radiative cooling. We estimated the direct aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) resulting from these wildfires, based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer space-based data and an empirical relationship from AErosol RObotic NETwork ground-based data collected in biomass-burning regions. The wildfire-derived air pollution was associated with an aerosol optical thickness of >0.3 in Victoria and a strongly negative ARF of between −14.8 and −17.7 W m ^−2 , which decreased the surface air temperature by about 3.7 °C–4.4 °C. This is of the same order of magnitude as the radiative cooling from volcanic eruptions. Although the atmospheric lifetime of biomass-burning aerosols is relatively short (about a week), the Australian wildfire pollution plumes extended across the Pacific Ocean to South America. Since climate change is expected to lead to more frequent and increasingly intense fires in many regions worldwide, the consequent biomass burning aerosols may become a significant radiative forcing factor, which will need to be accounted for in climate model projections for the future.

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