Impact of Global Warming on Kryal Fauna: Thermal Tolerance Response of Diamesa steinboecki (Goetghebuer, 1933; Chironomidae)
The ice fly Diamesa steinboecki Goetghebuer, 1933 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) is exclusive to glacier-fed streams in the East Palaearctic region and is threatened by extinction due to global warming and glacier retreat. To date, no data are available on its thermal tolerance or ability to de...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:89e5c9444c6d45ada6639c5ac2c494d3 2023-07-23T04:15:46+02:00 Impact of Global Warming on Kryal Fauna: Thermal Tolerance Response of Diamesa steinboecki (Goetghebuer, 1933; Chironomidae) Ana-Belén Muñiz-González José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte Valeria Lencioni 2023-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/d15060708 https://doaj.org/article/89e5c9444c6d45ada6639c5ac2c494d3 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/6/708 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818 doi:10.3390/d15060708 1424-2818 https://doaj.org/article/89e5c9444c6d45ada6639c5ac2c494d3 Diversity, Vol 15, Iss 708, p 708 (2023) Chironomidae Diamesinae lethal temperature heat shock response gene expression climate change Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/d15060708 2023-07-02T00:38:35Z The ice fly Diamesa steinboecki Goetghebuer, 1933 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) is exclusive to glacier-fed streams in the East Palaearctic region and is threatened by extinction due to global warming and glacier retreat. To date, no data are available on its thermal tolerance or ability to develop a heat shock response (HSR) or involve other biomarkers when exposed to higher-than-natural temperatures (i.e., >4–6 °C). Our study aimed to investigate the warmth resistance of IV-instar larvae of D. steinboecki in terms of (1) ability to survive heat shock and (2) gene expression of four genes known to be involved in the detoxification/stress response (cytochrome p450 ( Cyp450 ), heat shock protein 70 ( hsp70 ), hsp70 with intron and heat shock protein cognate 70 ( hsc70 )). Larvae were exposed to short-term shocks for 1 h at increasing temperatures (26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 40 °C) to estimate the lethal temperature, obtaining high values (LT10 = 38.1 °C, LT50 = 39.2 °C, LT99 = 40.3 °C), suggesting a strong heat resistance up to 38 °C and a very rapid decline in survival thereafter. Moreover, gene expression analysis by real-time PCR was performed on larvae from the control (at 2 °C) and larvae found alive after the previous treatment at 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, and 38 °C. Modulation of the expression was observed only for hsc70 and hsp70 genes. Specifically, hsc70 resulted in constitutive overexpression, even at 26 °C when all larvae were found alive without evidence of suffering. By contrast, hsp70 showed up and downregulation according to the specific temperature, suggesting the activation of an HSR at 28 °C, when some larvae were found alive but suffering (almost paralyzed). The results suggest that, based on LTs, D. steinboecki is more thermally tolerant than other Diamesa species (e.g., D. tonsa ) from cold freshwaters, but, as in these, hsp70 and hsc70 are involved in surviving short-term heat shock. This makes the ice fly from the Alps different from Belgica antarctica and other cold-adapted ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctica Belgica antarctica Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Diversity 15 6 708 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Chironomidae Diamesinae lethal temperature heat shock response gene expression climate change Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
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Chironomidae Diamesinae lethal temperature heat shock response gene expression climate change Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Ana-Belén Muñiz-González José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte Valeria Lencioni Impact of Global Warming on Kryal Fauna: Thermal Tolerance Response of Diamesa steinboecki (Goetghebuer, 1933; Chironomidae) |
topic_facet |
Chironomidae Diamesinae lethal temperature heat shock response gene expression climate change Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
The ice fly Diamesa steinboecki Goetghebuer, 1933 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) is exclusive to glacier-fed streams in the East Palaearctic region and is threatened by extinction due to global warming and glacier retreat. To date, no data are available on its thermal tolerance or ability to develop a heat shock response (HSR) or involve other biomarkers when exposed to higher-than-natural temperatures (i.e., >4–6 °C). Our study aimed to investigate the warmth resistance of IV-instar larvae of D. steinboecki in terms of (1) ability to survive heat shock and (2) gene expression of four genes known to be involved in the detoxification/stress response (cytochrome p450 ( Cyp450 ), heat shock protein 70 ( hsp70 ), hsp70 with intron and heat shock protein cognate 70 ( hsc70 )). Larvae were exposed to short-term shocks for 1 h at increasing temperatures (26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 40 °C) to estimate the lethal temperature, obtaining high values (LT10 = 38.1 °C, LT50 = 39.2 °C, LT99 = 40.3 °C), suggesting a strong heat resistance up to 38 °C and a very rapid decline in survival thereafter. Moreover, gene expression analysis by real-time PCR was performed on larvae from the control (at 2 °C) and larvae found alive after the previous treatment at 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, and 38 °C. Modulation of the expression was observed only for hsc70 and hsp70 genes. Specifically, hsc70 resulted in constitutive overexpression, even at 26 °C when all larvae were found alive without evidence of suffering. By contrast, hsp70 showed up and downregulation according to the specific temperature, suggesting the activation of an HSR at 28 °C, when some larvae were found alive but suffering (almost paralyzed). The results suggest that, based on LTs, D. steinboecki is more thermally tolerant than other Diamesa species (e.g., D. tonsa ) from cold freshwaters, but, as in these, hsp70 and hsc70 are involved in surviving short-term heat shock. This makes the ice fly from the Alps different from Belgica antarctica and other cold-adapted ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ana-Belén Muñiz-González José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte Valeria Lencioni |
author_facet |
Ana-Belén Muñiz-González José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte Valeria Lencioni |
author_sort |
Ana-Belén Muñiz-González |
title |
Impact of Global Warming on Kryal Fauna: Thermal Tolerance Response of Diamesa steinboecki (Goetghebuer, 1933; Chironomidae) |
title_short |
Impact of Global Warming on Kryal Fauna: Thermal Tolerance Response of Diamesa steinboecki (Goetghebuer, 1933; Chironomidae) |
title_full |
Impact of Global Warming on Kryal Fauna: Thermal Tolerance Response of Diamesa steinboecki (Goetghebuer, 1933; Chironomidae) |
title_fullStr |
Impact of Global Warming on Kryal Fauna: Thermal Tolerance Response of Diamesa steinboecki (Goetghebuer, 1933; Chironomidae) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impact of Global Warming on Kryal Fauna: Thermal Tolerance Response of Diamesa steinboecki (Goetghebuer, 1933; Chironomidae) |
title_sort |
impact of global warming on kryal fauna: thermal tolerance response of diamesa steinboecki (goetghebuer, 1933; chironomidae) |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/d15060708 https://doaj.org/article/89e5c9444c6d45ada6639c5ac2c494d3 |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Belgica antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Belgica antarctica |
op_source |
Diversity, Vol 15, Iss 708, p 708 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/15/6/708 https://doaj.org/toc/1424-2818 doi:10.3390/d15060708 1424-2818 https://doaj.org/article/89e5c9444c6d45ada6639c5ac2c494d3 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/d15060708 |
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Diversity |
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15 |
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6 |
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