Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan: a noticeable tolerance to urban polluted larval habitats associated with resistance to Temephos
Abstract Background It has been documented that unplanned urbanization leads to the exposure of members of the Anopheles vectors to a range of water pollution in urban settings. Many surveys from African and Asian countries reported the presence of Anopheles larvae in polluted urban habitats. The pr...
Published in: | Malaria Journal |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BMC
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2350-1 https://doaj.org/article/88df9a20b55f48a49fa27be664516dc5 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:88df9a20b55f48a49fa27be664516dc5 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:88df9a20b55f48a49fa27be664516dc5 2023-05-15T15:15:49+02:00 Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan: a noticeable tolerance to urban polluted larval habitats associated with resistance to Temephos Rasha S. Azrag Babiker H. Mohammed 2018-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2350-1 https://doaj.org/article/88df9a20b55f48a49fa27be664516dc5 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-018-2350-1 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2350-1 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/88df9a20b55f48a49fa27be664516dc5 Malaria Journal, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2018) Pollution Larval habitats Anopheles arabiensis Sudan Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2350-1 2022-12-31T12:05:43Z Abstract Background It has been documented that unplanned urbanization leads to the exposure of members of the Anopheles vectors to a range of water pollution in urban settings. Many surveys from African and Asian countries reported the presence of Anopheles larvae in polluted urban habitats. The present study documents an obvious tolerance of the melanic and normal forms of Anopheles arabiensis to urban polluted larval habitats accompanied by resistance to Temephos larvicide. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out to inspect apparently polluted An. arabiensis larval habitats during the hot dry season of 2015. Larval specimens were collected from only apparently polluted habitats after visual inspection from 5 localities in Khartoum State. After morphological and molecular identification of random samples of larvae the magnitude of water pollution was determined using nine abiotic factors. The susceptibility status of An. arabiensis larval forms from normal and polluted habitats to Temephos was tested using the WHO standard diagnostic concentration doses. Results Morphological and PCR analysis of anopheline larvae revealed the presence of An. arabiensis, a member of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Seven out of 9 physiochemical parameters showed higher concentrations in polluted larval habitats in comparison to control site. Anopheles arabiensis larvae were found in water bodies characterized by high mean of conductivity (1857.8 ± 443.3 uS/cm), turbidity (189.4 ± 69.1 NTU) and nitrate (19.7 ± 16.7 mg/l). The range of mortality rates of An. arabiensis larvae collected from polluted habitats in comparison to An. arabiensis larvae collected from non-polluted habitats was 6.7–64% (LD50 = 1.682) and 67.6–96% (LD50 = 0.806), respectively. Conclusions The present study reveals that minor populations of An. arabiensis larval forms are adapted to breed in polluted urban habitats, which further influenced susceptibility to Temephos, especially for the melanic larval forms. This could have further implications on ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 17 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Pollution Larval habitats Anopheles arabiensis Sudan Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Pollution Larval habitats Anopheles arabiensis Sudan Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Rasha S. Azrag Babiker H. Mohammed Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan: a noticeable tolerance to urban polluted larval habitats associated with resistance to Temephos |
topic_facet |
Pollution Larval habitats Anopheles arabiensis Sudan Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background It has been documented that unplanned urbanization leads to the exposure of members of the Anopheles vectors to a range of water pollution in urban settings. Many surveys from African and Asian countries reported the presence of Anopheles larvae in polluted urban habitats. The present study documents an obvious tolerance of the melanic and normal forms of Anopheles arabiensis to urban polluted larval habitats accompanied by resistance to Temephos larvicide. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out to inspect apparently polluted An. arabiensis larval habitats during the hot dry season of 2015. Larval specimens were collected from only apparently polluted habitats after visual inspection from 5 localities in Khartoum State. After morphological and molecular identification of random samples of larvae the magnitude of water pollution was determined using nine abiotic factors. The susceptibility status of An. arabiensis larval forms from normal and polluted habitats to Temephos was tested using the WHO standard diagnostic concentration doses. Results Morphological and PCR analysis of anopheline larvae revealed the presence of An. arabiensis, a member of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Seven out of 9 physiochemical parameters showed higher concentrations in polluted larval habitats in comparison to control site. Anopheles arabiensis larvae were found in water bodies characterized by high mean of conductivity (1857.8 ± 443.3 uS/cm), turbidity (189.4 ± 69.1 NTU) and nitrate (19.7 ± 16.7 mg/l). The range of mortality rates of An. arabiensis larvae collected from polluted habitats in comparison to An. arabiensis larvae collected from non-polluted habitats was 6.7–64% (LD50 = 1.682) and 67.6–96% (LD50 = 0.806), respectively. Conclusions The present study reveals that minor populations of An. arabiensis larval forms are adapted to breed in polluted urban habitats, which further influenced susceptibility to Temephos, especially for the melanic larval forms. This could have further implications on ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rasha S. Azrag Babiker H. Mohammed |
author_facet |
Rasha S. Azrag Babiker H. Mohammed |
author_sort |
Rasha S. Azrag |
title |
Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan: a noticeable tolerance to urban polluted larval habitats associated with resistance to Temephos |
title_short |
Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan: a noticeable tolerance to urban polluted larval habitats associated with resistance to Temephos |
title_full |
Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan: a noticeable tolerance to urban polluted larval habitats associated with resistance to Temephos |
title_fullStr |
Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan: a noticeable tolerance to urban polluted larval habitats associated with resistance to Temephos |
title_full_unstemmed |
Anopheles arabiensis in Sudan: a noticeable tolerance to urban polluted larval habitats associated with resistance to Temephos |
title_sort |
anopheles arabiensis in sudan: a noticeable tolerance to urban polluted larval habitats associated with resistance to temephos |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2350-1 https://doaj.org/article/88df9a20b55f48a49fa27be664516dc5 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2018) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-018-2350-1 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-018-2350-1 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/88df9a20b55f48a49fa27be664516dc5 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2350-1 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766346159094235136 |