Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty.
Background Most epidemiological and clinical reports on snake envenoming focus on a single country and describe rural communities as being at greatest risk. Reports linking snakebite vulnerability to socioeconomic status are usually limited to anecdotal statements. The few reports with a global pers...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:886b2bd9059946b79dba0967cb88a5ea 2023-05-15T15:08:31+02:00 Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty. Robert A Harrison Adam Hargreaves Simon C Wagstaff Brian Faragher David G Lalloo 2009-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000569 https://doaj.org/article/886b2bd9059946b79dba0967cb88a5ea EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20027216/?tool=EBI https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000569 https://doaj.org/article/886b2bd9059946b79dba0967cb88a5ea PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 12, p e569 (2009) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2009 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000569 2022-12-31T04:18:56Z Background Most epidemiological and clinical reports on snake envenoming focus on a single country and describe rural communities as being at greatest risk. Reports linking snakebite vulnerability to socioeconomic status are usually limited to anecdotal statements. The few reports with a global perspective have identified the tropical regions of Asia and Africa as suffering the highest levels of snakebite-induced mortality. Our analysis examined the association between globally available data on snakebite-induced mortality and socioeconomic indicators of poverty. Methodology/principal findings We acquired data on (i) the Human Development Index, (ii) the Per Capita Government Expenditure on Health, (iii) the Percentage Labour Force in Agriculture and (iv) Gross Domestic Product Per Capita from publicly available databases on the 138 countries for which snakebite-induced mortality rates have recently been estimated. The socioeconomic datasets were then plotted against the snakebite-induced mortality estimates (where both datasets were available) and the relationship determined. Each analysis illustrated a strong association between snakebite-induced mortality and poverty. Conclusions/significance This study, the first of its kind, unequivocally demonstrates that snake envenoming is a disease of the poor. The negative association between snakebite deaths and government expenditure on health confirms that the burden of mortality is highest in those countries least able to deal with the considerable financial cost of snakebite. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 3 12 e569 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Robert A Harrison Adam Hargreaves Simon C Wagstaff Brian Faragher David G Lalloo Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Background Most epidemiological and clinical reports on snake envenoming focus on a single country and describe rural communities as being at greatest risk. Reports linking snakebite vulnerability to socioeconomic status are usually limited to anecdotal statements. The few reports with a global perspective have identified the tropical regions of Asia and Africa as suffering the highest levels of snakebite-induced mortality. Our analysis examined the association between globally available data on snakebite-induced mortality and socioeconomic indicators of poverty. Methodology/principal findings We acquired data on (i) the Human Development Index, (ii) the Per Capita Government Expenditure on Health, (iii) the Percentage Labour Force in Agriculture and (iv) Gross Domestic Product Per Capita from publicly available databases on the 138 countries for which snakebite-induced mortality rates have recently been estimated. The socioeconomic datasets were then plotted against the snakebite-induced mortality estimates (where both datasets were available) and the relationship determined. Each analysis illustrated a strong association between snakebite-induced mortality and poverty. Conclusions/significance This study, the first of its kind, unequivocally demonstrates that snake envenoming is a disease of the poor. The negative association between snakebite deaths and government expenditure on health confirms that the burden of mortality is highest in those countries least able to deal with the considerable financial cost of snakebite. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Robert A Harrison Adam Hargreaves Simon C Wagstaff Brian Faragher David G Lalloo |
author_facet |
Robert A Harrison Adam Hargreaves Simon C Wagstaff Brian Faragher David G Lalloo |
author_sort |
Robert A Harrison |
title |
Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty. |
title_short |
Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty. |
title_full |
Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty. |
title_fullStr |
Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Snake envenoming: a disease of poverty. |
title_sort |
snake envenoming: a disease of poverty. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2009 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000569 https://doaj.org/article/886b2bd9059946b79dba0967cb88a5ea |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 3, Iss 12, p e569 (2009) |
op_relation |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20027216/?tool=EBI https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000569 https://doaj.org/article/886b2bd9059946b79dba0967cb88a5ea |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000569 |
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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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3 |
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12 |
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e569 |
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1766339865566248960 |