Genetic structure and origin of non-native, free-living Atlantic salmon Salmo salar along a latitudinal gradient in Chile, South America
Limited stocking efforts to introduce Atlantic salmon Salmo salar into Chilean rivers and streams were unsuccessful during the 20th century. Following the arrival of the aquaculture industry during the 1980s, escaped Atlantic salmon have presented an ecological risk to native taxa through predation,...
Published in: | Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Inter-Research
2022
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00444 https://doaj.org/article/88557e4a75324fc8961b2ffb16c656d4 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:88557e4a75324fc8961b2ffb16c656d4 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:88557e4a75324fc8961b2ffb16c656d4 2023-05-15T15:28:04+02:00 Genetic structure and origin of non-native, free-living Atlantic salmon Salmo salar along a latitudinal gradient in Chile, South America R Marín-Nahuelpi JM Yáñez SS Musleh D Cañas-Rojas JC Quintanilla S Contreras-Lynch G Gajardo M Sepúlveda C Harrod D Gomez-Uchida 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00444 https://doaj.org/article/88557e4a75324fc8961b2ffb16c656d4 EN eng Inter-Research https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v14/p329-342/ https://doaj.org/toc/1869-215X https://doaj.org/toc/1869-7534 1869-215X 1869-7534 doi:10.3354/aei00444 https://doaj.org/article/88557e4a75324fc8961b2ffb16c656d4 Aquaculture Environment Interactions, Vol 14, Pp 329-342 (2022) Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00444 2023-02-12T01:31:31Z Limited stocking efforts to introduce Atlantic salmon Salmo salar into Chilean rivers and streams were unsuccessful during the 20th century. Following the arrival of the aquaculture industry during the 1980s, escaped Atlantic salmon have presented an ecological risk to native taxa through predation, competition, and transmission of pathogens or parasites. However, whether commercial aquaculture strains represent the likely source of free-living Atlantic salmon in marine and freshwater environments is unclear. We used 272 single nucleotide polymorphisms to characterize free-living Atlantic salmon (n = 80) captured from 12 marine and freshwater locations in southern Chile. These were compared with 8 reference collections, 6 known commercial strains, and 2 wild populations of Atlantic salmon. We evaluated genetic structure among free-living Atlantic salmon and assessed individual ancestry and origin by assigning mixture samples to reference collections. We found evidence for genetic structure (number of clusters, K = 3) among free-living salmon unexplained by geography, environment, or life stage, but consistent with the number of clusters among commercial aquaculture strains. Most free-living Atlantic salmon had a close ancestry with farmed Norwegian strains, the most widely used by the industry, pointing to recent aquaculture escapes as their origin. Yet recent establishment of self-sustaining populations weakly differentiated from aquaculture broodstock cannot be ruled out. We propose increasing monitoring efforts of free-living Atlantic salmon in remote sites as well as in watersheds located in densely stocked aquaculture areas. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Aquaculture Environment Interactions 14 329 342 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5 |
spellingShingle |
Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5 R Marín-Nahuelpi JM Yáñez SS Musleh D Cañas-Rojas JC Quintanilla S Contreras-Lynch G Gajardo M Sepúlveda C Harrod D Gomez-Uchida Genetic structure and origin of non-native, free-living Atlantic salmon Salmo salar along a latitudinal gradient in Chile, South America |
topic_facet |
Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Ecology QH540-549.5 |
description |
Limited stocking efforts to introduce Atlantic salmon Salmo salar into Chilean rivers and streams were unsuccessful during the 20th century. Following the arrival of the aquaculture industry during the 1980s, escaped Atlantic salmon have presented an ecological risk to native taxa through predation, competition, and transmission of pathogens or parasites. However, whether commercial aquaculture strains represent the likely source of free-living Atlantic salmon in marine and freshwater environments is unclear. We used 272 single nucleotide polymorphisms to characterize free-living Atlantic salmon (n = 80) captured from 12 marine and freshwater locations in southern Chile. These were compared with 8 reference collections, 6 known commercial strains, and 2 wild populations of Atlantic salmon. We evaluated genetic structure among free-living Atlantic salmon and assessed individual ancestry and origin by assigning mixture samples to reference collections. We found evidence for genetic structure (number of clusters, K = 3) among free-living salmon unexplained by geography, environment, or life stage, but consistent with the number of clusters among commercial aquaculture strains. Most free-living Atlantic salmon had a close ancestry with farmed Norwegian strains, the most widely used by the industry, pointing to recent aquaculture escapes as their origin. Yet recent establishment of self-sustaining populations weakly differentiated from aquaculture broodstock cannot be ruled out. We propose increasing monitoring efforts of free-living Atlantic salmon in remote sites as well as in watersheds located in densely stocked aquaculture areas. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
R Marín-Nahuelpi JM Yáñez SS Musleh D Cañas-Rojas JC Quintanilla S Contreras-Lynch G Gajardo M Sepúlveda C Harrod D Gomez-Uchida |
author_facet |
R Marín-Nahuelpi JM Yáñez SS Musleh D Cañas-Rojas JC Quintanilla S Contreras-Lynch G Gajardo M Sepúlveda C Harrod D Gomez-Uchida |
author_sort |
R Marín-Nahuelpi |
title |
Genetic structure and origin of non-native, free-living Atlantic salmon Salmo salar along a latitudinal gradient in Chile, South America |
title_short |
Genetic structure and origin of non-native, free-living Atlantic salmon Salmo salar along a latitudinal gradient in Chile, South America |
title_full |
Genetic structure and origin of non-native, free-living Atlantic salmon Salmo salar along a latitudinal gradient in Chile, South America |
title_fullStr |
Genetic structure and origin of non-native, free-living Atlantic salmon Salmo salar along a latitudinal gradient in Chile, South America |
title_full_unstemmed |
Genetic structure and origin of non-native, free-living Atlantic salmon Salmo salar along a latitudinal gradient in Chile, South America |
title_sort |
genetic structure and origin of non-native, free-living atlantic salmon salmo salar along a latitudinal gradient in chile, south america |
publisher |
Inter-Research |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00444 https://doaj.org/article/88557e4a75324fc8961b2ffb16c656d4 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Aquaculture Environment Interactions, Vol 14, Pp 329-342 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.int-res.com/abstracts/aei/v14/p329-342/ https://doaj.org/toc/1869-215X https://doaj.org/toc/1869-7534 1869-215X 1869-7534 doi:10.3354/aei00444 https://doaj.org/article/88557e4a75324fc8961b2ffb16c656d4 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3354/aei00444 |
container_title |
Aquaculture Environment Interactions |
container_volume |
14 |
container_start_page |
329 |
op_container_end_page |
342 |
_version_ |
1766358460089237504 |