Was the steppe bison a grazing beast in Pleistocene landscapes?

• Published in: Royal Society Open Science
• Main Authors: Emilia Hofman-Kamińska, Gildas Merceron, Hervé Bocherens, Gennady G. Boeskorov, Oleksandra O. Krotova, Albert V. Protopopov, Andrei V. Shpansky, Rafał Kowalczyk
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: The Royal Society 2024
• Subjects: Bison priscus; Bb1 bison; dental microwear textures; diet; habitat use; vegetation modelling; Science; Q; Tundra; Alaska; Siberia
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240317; https://doaj.org/article/87e097a175504566b053b1a36e7305fa

The history and palaeoecology of the steppe bison (Bison priscus) remain incompletely understood despite its widespread distribution. Using dental microwear textural analysis (DMTA) and vegetation modelling, we reconstructed the diet and assessed the habitat of steppe bison inhabiting Eurasia and Alaska since the Middle Pleistocene. During the Late Pleistocene, steppe bison occupied a variety of biome types: from the mosaic of temperate summergreen forest and steppe/temperate grassland (Serbia) to the tundra biomes (Siberia and Alaska). Despite the differences in the identified biome types, the diet of steppe bison did not differ significantly among populations in Eurasia. DMTA classified it as a mixed forager in all populations studied. The DMTA of Bb1 bison—a recently identified genetically extinct sister-clade of Bison bonasus—was typical of a highly grazing bovid species and differed from all B. priscus populations. The results of the study temper the common perception that steppe bison were grazers in steppe habitats. The dietary plasticity of the steppe bison was lower when compared with modern European bison and may have played an important role in its extinction, even in the stable tundra biome of eastern Siberia, where it has survived the longest in all of Eurasia.