The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND:Typhoid is an important public health challenge for India, especially with the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The decision about whether to introduce a public vaccination programme needs to be based on an understanding of disease burden and the age-groups and geographic areas at risk...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:873e8480921e41a3bcea2e4834e38f66 2023-05-15T15:16:05+02:00 The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Jacob John Carola J C Van Aart Nicholas C Grassly 2016-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004616 https://doaj.org/article/873e8480921e41a3bcea2e4834e38f66 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4833325?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004616 https://doaj.org/article/873e8480921e41a3bcea2e4834e38f66 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 4, p e0004616 (2016) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2016 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004616 2022-12-31T12:36:22Z BACKGROUND:Typhoid is an important public health challenge for India, especially with the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The decision about whether to introduce a public vaccination programme needs to be based on an understanding of disease burden and the age-groups and geographic areas at risk. METHODS:We searched Medline and Web of Science databases for studies reporting the incidence or prevalence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever confirmed by culture and/or serology, conducted in India and published between 1950 and 2015. We used binomial and Poisson mixed-effects meta-regression models to estimate prevalence and incidence from hospital and community studies, and to identify risk-factors. RESULTS:We identified 791 titles and abstracts, and included 37 studies of typhoid and 18 studies of paratyphoid in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The estimated prevalence of laboratory-confirmed typhoid and paratyphoid among individuals with fever across all hospital studies was 9.7% (95% CI: 5.7-16.0%) and 0.9% (0.5-1.7%) respectively. There was significant heterogeneity among studies (p-values<0.001). Typhoid was more likely to be detected among clinically suspected cases or during outbreaks and showed a significant decline in prevalence over time (odds ratio for each yearly increase in study date was 0.96 (0.92-0.99) in the multivariate meta-regression model). Paratyphoid did not show any trend over time and there was no clear association with risk-factors. Incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid was reported in 3 and 2 community cohort studies respectively (in Kolkata and Delhi, or Kolkata alone). Pooled estimates of incidence were 377 (178-801) and 105 (74-148) per 100,000 person years respectively, with significant heterogeneity between locations for typhoid (p<0.001). Children 2-4 years old had the highest incidence. CONCLUSIONS:Typhoid remains a significant burden in India, particularly among young children, despite apparent declines in prevalence. Infant immunisation with newly-licensed conjugate ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10 4 e0004616 |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
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English |
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Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Jacob John Carola J C Van Aart Nicholas C Grassly The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
BACKGROUND:Typhoid is an important public health challenge for India, especially with the spread of antimicrobial resistance. The decision about whether to introduce a public vaccination programme needs to be based on an understanding of disease burden and the age-groups and geographic areas at risk. METHODS:We searched Medline and Web of Science databases for studies reporting the incidence or prevalence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever confirmed by culture and/or serology, conducted in India and published between 1950 and 2015. We used binomial and Poisson mixed-effects meta-regression models to estimate prevalence and incidence from hospital and community studies, and to identify risk-factors. RESULTS:We identified 791 titles and abstracts, and included 37 studies of typhoid and 18 studies of paratyphoid in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The estimated prevalence of laboratory-confirmed typhoid and paratyphoid among individuals with fever across all hospital studies was 9.7% (95% CI: 5.7-16.0%) and 0.9% (0.5-1.7%) respectively. There was significant heterogeneity among studies (p-values<0.001). Typhoid was more likely to be detected among clinically suspected cases or during outbreaks and showed a significant decline in prevalence over time (odds ratio for each yearly increase in study date was 0.96 (0.92-0.99) in the multivariate meta-regression model). Paratyphoid did not show any trend over time and there was no clear association with risk-factors. Incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid was reported in 3 and 2 community cohort studies respectively (in Kolkata and Delhi, or Kolkata alone). Pooled estimates of incidence were 377 (178-801) and 105 (74-148) per 100,000 person years respectively, with significant heterogeneity between locations for typhoid (p<0.001). Children 2-4 years old had the highest incidence. CONCLUSIONS:Typhoid remains a significant burden in India, particularly among young children, despite apparent declines in prevalence. Infant immunisation with newly-licensed conjugate ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jacob John Carola J C Van Aart Nicholas C Grassly |
author_facet |
Jacob John Carola J C Van Aart Nicholas C Grassly |
author_sort |
Jacob John |
title |
The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. |
title_short |
The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. |
title_full |
The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. |
title_fullStr |
The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Burden of Typhoid and Paratyphoid in India: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. |
title_sort |
burden of typhoid and paratyphoid in india: systematic review and meta-analysis. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004616 https://doaj.org/article/873e8480921e41a3bcea2e4834e38f66 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 10, Iss 4, p e0004616 (2016) |
op_relation |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4833325?pdf=render https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004616 https://doaj.org/article/873e8480921e41a3bcea2e4834e38f66 |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004616 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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4 |
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e0004616 |
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