Molecular and epidemiological characterization of imported malaria cases in Chile
Abstract Background Chile is one of the South American countries certified as malaria-free since 1945. However, the recent increase of imported malaria cases and the presence of the vector Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in previously endemic areas in Chile require an active malaria surveillance progra...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:862b3a22acd34be2ae81e062dbfd9861 2023-05-15T15:14:45+02:00 Molecular and epidemiological characterization of imported malaria cases in Chile Daniel F. Escobar Naomi W. Lucchi Rispah Abdallah María Teresa Valenzuela Venkatachalam Udhayakumar María Isabel Jercic Stella M. Chenet 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03353-y https://doaj.org/article/862b3a22acd34be2ae81e062dbfd9861 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-020-03353-y https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03353-y 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/862b3a22acd34be2ae81e062dbfd9861 Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020) Malaria Surveillance Chile pfcrt pfmdr1 Microsatellites Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03353-y 2022-12-31T14:02:08Z Abstract Background Chile is one of the South American countries certified as malaria-free since 1945. However, the recent increase of imported malaria cases and the presence of the vector Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in previously endemic areas in Chile require an active malaria surveillance programme. Methods Specimens from 268 suspected malaria cases—all imported—collected between 2015 and 2018 at the Public Health Institute of Chile (ISP), were diagnosed by microscopy and positive cases were included for epidemiological analysis. A photo-induced electron transfer fluorogenic primer real-time PCR (PET-PCR) was used to confirm the presence of malaria parasites in available blood samples. Sanger sequencing of drug resistance molecular markers (pfk13, pfcrt and pfmdr1) and microsatellite (MS) analysis were performed in confirmed Plasmodium falciparum samples and results were related to origin of infection. Results Out of the 268 suspected cases, 65 were Plasmodium spp. positive by microscopy. A total of 63% of the malaria patients were male and 37% were female; 43/65 of the patients acquired infections in South American endemic countries. Species confirmation of available blood samples by PET-PCR revealed that 15 samples were positive for P. falciparum, 27 for Plasmodium vivax and 4 were mixed infections. The P. falciparum samples sequenced contained four mutant pfcrt genotypes (CVMNT, CVMET, CVIET and SVMNT) and three mutant pfmdr1 genotypes (Y184F/S1034C/N1042D/D1246Y, Y184F/N1042D/D1246Y and Y184F). MS analysis confirmed that all P. falciparum samples presented different haplotypes according to the suspected country of origin. Four patients with P. vivax infection returned to the health facilities due to relapses. Conclusion The timely detection of polymorphisms associated with drug resistance will contribute to understanding if current drug policies in the country are appropriate for treatment of imported malaria cases and provide information about the most frequent resistant genotypes entering Chile. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 19 1 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Malaria Surveillance Chile pfcrt pfmdr1 Microsatellites Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Malaria Surveillance Chile pfcrt pfmdr1 Microsatellites Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Daniel F. Escobar Naomi W. Lucchi Rispah Abdallah María Teresa Valenzuela Venkatachalam Udhayakumar María Isabel Jercic Stella M. Chenet Molecular and epidemiological characterization of imported malaria cases in Chile |
topic_facet |
Malaria Surveillance Chile pfcrt pfmdr1 Microsatellites Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Chile is one of the South American countries certified as malaria-free since 1945. However, the recent increase of imported malaria cases and the presence of the vector Anopheles pseudopunctipennis in previously endemic areas in Chile require an active malaria surveillance programme. Methods Specimens from 268 suspected malaria cases—all imported—collected between 2015 and 2018 at the Public Health Institute of Chile (ISP), were diagnosed by microscopy and positive cases were included for epidemiological analysis. A photo-induced electron transfer fluorogenic primer real-time PCR (PET-PCR) was used to confirm the presence of malaria parasites in available blood samples. Sanger sequencing of drug resistance molecular markers (pfk13, pfcrt and pfmdr1) and microsatellite (MS) analysis were performed in confirmed Plasmodium falciparum samples and results were related to origin of infection. Results Out of the 268 suspected cases, 65 were Plasmodium spp. positive by microscopy. A total of 63% of the malaria patients were male and 37% were female; 43/65 of the patients acquired infections in South American endemic countries. Species confirmation of available blood samples by PET-PCR revealed that 15 samples were positive for P. falciparum, 27 for Plasmodium vivax and 4 were mixed infections. The P. falciparum samples sequenced contained four mutant pfcrt genotypes (CVMNT, CVMET, CVIET and SVMNT) and three mutant pfmdr1 genotypes (Y184F/S1034C/N1042D/D1246Y, Y184F/N1042D/D1246Y and Y184F). MS analysis confirmed that all P. falciparum samples presented different haplotypes according to the suspected country of origin. Four patients with P. vivax infection returned to the health facilities due to relapses. Conclusion The timely detection of polymorphisms associated with drug resistance will contribute to understanding if current drug policies in the country are appropriate for treatment of imported malaria cases and provide information about the most frequent resistant genotypes entering Chile. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Daniel F. Escobar Naomi W. Lucchi Rispah Abdallah María Teresa Valenzuela Venkatachalam Udhayakumar María Isabel Jercic Stella M. Chenet |
author_facet |
Daniel F. Escobar Naomi W. Lucchi Rispah Abdallah María Teresa Valenzuela Venkatachalam Udhayakumar María Isabel Jercic Stella M. Chenet |
author_sort |
Daniel F. Escobar |
title |
Molecular and epidemiological characterization of imported malaria cases in Chile |
title_short |
Molecular and epidemiological characterization of imported malaria cases in Chile |
title_full |
Molecular and epidemiological characterization of imported malaria cases in Chile |
title_fullStr |
Molecular and epidemiological characterization of imported malaria cases in Chile |
title_full_unstemmed |
Molecular and epidemiological characterization of imported malaria cases in Chile |
title_sort |
molecular and epidemiological characterization of imported malaria cases in chile |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03353-y https://doaj.org/article/862b3a22acd34be2ae81e062dbfd9861 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2020) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-020-03353-y https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03353-y 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/862b3a22acd34be2ae81e062dbfd9861 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03353-y |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
19 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766345169845616640 |