The influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of Northern Tanzania
Abstract Background Insecticide resistance is the major emerging challenge facing the malaria vector control programmes in Tanzania. Proper monitoring and detection is of paramount importance guiding the vector control programmes. This paper presents the effect of mosquito aging on insecticide resis...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:860bacd2375a4203b048533387d79086 2023-05-15T15:17:06+02:00 The influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of Northern Tanzania Saada Mbepera Gamba Nkwengulila Rose Peter Emmanuel A. Mausa Aneth M. Mahande Maureen Coetzee Eliningaya J. Kweka 2017-09-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2022-6 https://doaj.org/article/860bacd2375a4203b048533387d79086 EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2022-6 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2022-6 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/860bacd2375a4203b048533387d79086 Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017) Anopheles arabiensis Age Seasons Insecticides Resistance Pyrethr Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2017 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2022-6 2022-12-31T14:11:07Z Abstract Background Insecticide resistance is the major emerging challenge facing the malaria vector control programmes in Tanzania. Proper monitoring and detection is of paramount importance guiding the vector control programmes. This paper presents the effect of mosquito aging on insecticide resistance status in Anopheles arabiensis populations in dry and rainy seasons in northern Tanzania. Methods Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae were sampled from rice fields in both dry and rainy seasons and reared in the insectary to adults. The emerged females in batches of 2, 3, 5, and 10 days old were exposed to six insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, DDT, bendiocarb and pirimiphos-methyl) to see the effects of age on insecticide resistance. Mosquitoes were exposed to insecticides using WHO standard susceptibility test kits. Knockdown was recorded during the 1-h exposure, while mortality and resistance ratio were recorded 24 h later. Mosquito specimens were identified to species level using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results Among the 326 specimens processed by PCR, 323 (99.1%) were identified as Anopheles arabiensis. There was reduced mortality (ranging from 61 to 97.7%) when adults reared from larvae were exposed to all pyrethroids and bendiocarb in both dry and rainy seasons, while they were fully susceptible to DDT and pirimiphos-methyl. There was a significant increase in mortality rate with increase in mosquito’s age in both dry and rainy seasons following exposure to pyrethroids (DF = 1, P < 0.05). Mosquitoes showed significantly higher mortality rates in the rainy season than in the dry season after being exposed to pyrethroids (DF = 1, P < 0.05). Higher mortality rates (94.0–99.8%) were observed in all ages and seasons when mosquitoes were exposed to bendiocarb compared with pyrethroids. Pirimiphos-methyl was only tested in the rainy season so no comparison with dry season mosquitoes could be made. Conclusions Results showed that An. arabiensis were resistant to ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Lambda ENVELOPE(-62.983,-62.983,-64.300,-64.300) Malaria Journal 16 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Anopheles arabiensis Age Seasons Insecticides Resistance Pyrethr Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
spellingShingle |
Anopheles arabiensis Age Seasons Insecticides Resistance Pyrethr Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Saada Mbepera Gamba Nkwengulila Rose Peter Emmanuel A. Mausa Aneth M. Mahande Maureen Coetzee Eliningaya J. Kweka The influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of Northern Tanzania |
topic_facet |
Anopheles arabiensis Age Seasons Insecticides Resistance Pyrethr Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Insecticide resistance is the major emerging challenge facing the malaria vector control programmes in Tanzania. Proper monitoring and detection is of paramount importance guiding the vector control programmes. This paper presents the effect of mosquito aging on insecticide resistance status in Anopheles arabiensis populations in dry and rainy seasons in northern Tanzania. Methods Anopheles gambiae s.l. larvae were sampled from rice fields in both dry and rainy seasons and reared in the insectary to adults. The emerged females in batches of 2, 3, 5, and 10 days old were exposed to six insecticides (deltamethrin, permethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, DDT, bendiocarb and pirimiphos-methyl) to see the effects of age on insecticide resistance. Mosquitoes were exposed to insecticides using WHO standard susceptibility test kits. Knockdown was recorded during the 1-h exposure, while mortality and resistance ratio were recorded 24 h later. Mosquito specimens were identified to species level using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results Among the 326 specimens processed by PCR, 323 (99.1%) were identified as Anopheles arabiensis. There was reduced mortality (ranging from 61 to 97.7%) when adults reared from larvae were exposed to all pyrethroids and bendiocarb in both dry and rainy seasons, while they were fully susceptible to DDT and pirimiphos-methyl. There was a significant increase in mortality rate with increase in mosquito’s age in both dry and rainy seasons following exposure to pyrethroids (DF = 1, P < 0.05). Mosquitoes showed significantly higher mortality rates in the rainy season than in the dry season after being exposed to pyrethroids (DF = 1, P < 0.05). Higher mortality rates (94.0–99.8%) were observed in all ages and seasons when mosquitoes were exposed to bendiocarb compared with pyrethroids. Pirimiphos-methyl was only tested in the rainy season so no comparison with dry season mosquitoes could be made. Conclusions Results showed that An. arabiensis were resistant to ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Saada Mbepera Gamba Nkwengulila Rose Peter Emmanuel A. Mausa Aneth M. Mahande Maureen Coetzee Eliningaya J. Kweka |
author_facet |
Saada Mbepera Gamba Nkwengulila Rose Peter Emmanuel A. Mausa Aneth M. Mahande Maureen Coetzee Eliningaya J. Kweka |
author_sort |
Saada Mbepera |
title |
The influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of Northern Tanzania |
title_short |
The influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of Northern Tanzania |
title_full |
The influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of Northern Tanzania |
title_fullStr |
The influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of Northern Tanzania |
title_full_unstemmed |
The influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of Northern Tanzania |
title_sort |
influence of age on insecticide susceptibility of anopheles arabiensis during dry and rainy seasons in rice irrigation schemes of northern tanzania |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2022-6 https://doaj.org/article/860bacd2375a4203b048533387d79086 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.983,-62.983,-64.300,-64.300) |
geographic |
Arctic Lambda |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Lambda |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 16, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2017) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-2022-6 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-017-2022-6 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/860bacd2375a4203b048533387d79086 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017-2022-6 |
container_title |
Malaria Journal |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766347379833831424 |