Impacts of Temperature, CO2, and Salinity on Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Western Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean has been experiencing rapid warming, which accelerates sea ice melt. Further, the increasing area and duration of sea ice-free conditions enhance ocean uptake of CO2. We conducted two shipboard experiments in September 2015 and 2016 to examine the effects of temperature, CO2, and sa...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:85a17ec359ba4fd0b62dfc30a680afbf 2023-05-15T14:47:07+02:00 Impacts of Temperature, CO2, and Salinity on Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Western Arctic Ocean Koji Sugie Amane Fujiwara Shigeto Nishino Sohiko Kameyama Naomi Harada 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00821 https://doaj.org/article/85a17ec359ba4fd0b62dfc30a680afbf EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00821/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00821 https://doaj.org/article/85a17ec359ba4fd0b62dfc30a680afbf Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 6 (2020) the Arctic Ocean global warming ocean acidification sea ice melt phytoplankton ecosystem structure Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00821 2022-12-31T14:10:06Z The Arctic Ocean has been experiencing rapid warming, which accelerates sea ice melt. Further, the increasing area and duration of sea ice-free conditions enhance ocean uptake of CO2. We conducted two shipboard experiments in September 2015 and 2016 to examine the effects of temperature, CO2, and salinity on phytoplankton dynamics to better understand the impacts of rapid environmental changes on the Arctic ecosystem. Two temperature conditions (control: <3 and 5°C above the control), two CO2 levels (control: ∼300 and 300/450 μatm above the control; i.e., 600/750 μatm), and two salinity conditions (control: 29 in 2015 and 27 in 2016, and 1.4 below the control) conditions were fully factorially manipulated in eight treatments. Higher temperatures enhanced almost all phytoplankton traits in both experiments in terms of chl-a, accessory pigments and diatom biomass. The diatom diversity index decreased due to the replacement of chain-forming Thalassiosira spp. by solitary Cylindrotheca closterium or Pseudo-nitzschia spp. under higher temperature and lower salinity in combination. Higher CO2 levels significantly increased the growth of small-sized phytoplankton (<10 μm) in both years. Decreased salinity had marginal effects but significantly increased the growth of small-sized phytoplankton under higher CO2 levels in terms of chl-a in 2015. Our results suggest that the smaller phytoplankton tend to dominate in the shelf edge region of the Chukchi Sea in the western Arctic Ocean under multiple environmental perturbations. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Global warming Ocean acidification Phytoplankton Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea Frontiers in Marine Science 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
the Arctic Ocean global warming ocean acidification sea ice melt phytoplankton ecosystem structure Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
the Arctic Ocean global warming ocean acidification sea ice melt phytoplankton ecosystem structure Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Koji Sugie Amane Fujiwara Shigeto Nishino Sohiko Kameyama Naomi Harada Impacts of Temperature, CO2, and Salinity on Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Western Arctic Ocean |
topic_facet |
the Arctic Ocean global warming ocean acidification sea ice melt phytoplankton ecosystem structure Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
The Arctic Ocean has been experiencing rapid warming, which accelerates sea ice melt. Further, the increasing area and duration of sea ice-free conditions enhance ocean uptake of CO2. We conducted two shipboard experiments in September 2015 and 2016 to examine the effects of temperature, CO2, and salinity on phytoplankton dynamics to better understand the impacts of rapid environmental changes on the Arctic ecosystem. Two temperature conditions (control: <3 and 5°C above the control), two CO2 levels (control: ∼300 and 300/450 μatm above the control; i.e., 600/750 μatm), and two salinity conditions (control: 29 in 2015 and 27 in 2016, and 1.4 below the control) conditions were fully factorially manipulated in eight treatments. Higher temperatures enhanced almost all phytoplankton traits in both experiments in terms of chl-a, accessory pigments and diatom biomass. The diatom diversity index decreased due to the replacement of chain-forming Thalassiosira spp. by solitary Cylindrotheca closterium or Pseudo-nitzschia spp. under higher temperature and lower salinity in combination. Higher CO2 levels significantly increased the growth of small-sized phytoplankton (<10 μm) in both years. Decreased salinity had marginal effects but significantly increased the growth of small-sized phytoplankton under higher CO2 levels in terms of chl-a in 2015. Our results suggest that the smaller phytoplankton tend to dominate in the shelf edge region of the Chukchi Sea in the western Arctic Ocean under multiple environmental perturbations. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Koji Sugie Amane Fujiwara Shigeto Nishino Sohiko Kameyama Naomi Harada |
author_facet |
Koji Sugie Amane Fujiwara Shigeto Nishino Sohiko Kameyama Naomi Harada |
author_sort |
Koji Sugie |
title |
Impacts of Temperature, CO2, and Salinity on Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_short |
Impacts of Temperature, CO2, and Salinity on Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_full |
Impacts of Temperature, CO2, and Salinity on Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Impacts of Temperature, CO2, and Salinity on Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impacts of Temperature, CO2, and Salinity on Phytoplankton Community Composition in the Western Arctic Ocean |
title_sort |
impacts of temperature, co2, and salinity on phytoplankton community composition in the western arctic ocean |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00821 https://doaj.org/article/85a17ec359ba4fd0b62dfc30a680afbf |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Sea |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Global warming Ocean acidification Phytoplankton Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Chukchi Chukchi Sea Global warming Ocean acidification Phytoplankton Sea ice |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 6 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmars.2019.00821/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00821 https://doaj.org/article/85a17ec359ba4fd0b62dfc30a680afbf |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00821 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
6 |
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1766318266708393984 |