Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks
To develop mitigation measures for the protection of bats in close proximity to onshore wind turbines, new detection techniques covering large-scale environments and techniques, which are able to track individuals are required. Radar based observations, successfully applied in ornithological studies...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:85074cb0eda648109ae3a87b9e7581e9 2023-05-15T17:48:38+02:00 Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks Jannes Kreutzfeldt Carolin Floeter Thies Lingner Lukas Schmitz-Beuting Michael Reich Veit Dominik Kunz Fankang Li 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doaj.org/article/85074cb0eda648109ae3a87b9e7581e9 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7526923/?tool=EBI https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 https://doaj.org/article/85074cb0eda648109ae3a87b9e7581e9 PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 9 (2020) Medicine R Science Q article 2020 ftdoajarticles 2022-12-31T14:13:46Z To develop mitigation measures for the protection of bats in close proximity to onshore wind turbines, new detection techniques covering large-scale environments and techniques, which are able to track individuals are required. Radar based observations, successfully applied in ornithological studies, offer a promising potential, but come with challenges regarding the comparability of measurements and noise interference (ground clutter) from objects within detection range. This paper presents improvements of a commercially available inexpensive pulse radar for 3D spatial detection of bat-sized objects in onshore wind parks. A new analytical spatial detection volume model is presented incorporating calibrated radar data and landscape parameters such as clutter. Computer simulation programs to process the analytical spatial detection volume model were developed. For model calibration, the minimum signal power of the radar was experimentally determined with the radar cross section (RCS) of an artificial bat (similar to Nyctalus noctula), resulting in a maximum detection range of 800 m and a corresponding RCS of 12.7 cm². Additionally, the spatial volume for radar detection was optimized with a clutter shielding fence (CSF). Adjusting the volume model by incorporating a theoretical model of the CSF, an extension of the detection volume by a factor of 2.5 was achieved, while the total volume of a 105° horizontal angular radar image section yields 0.0105 km³. Extrapolation and comparison with state-of-the-art acoustic bat detection result in a 270 times larger volume, confirming the large-scale detection capabilities of the pulse radar. Article in Journal/Newspaper Nyctalus noctula Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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English |
topic |
Medicine R Science Q |
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Medicine R Science Q Jannes Kreutzfeldt Carolin Floeter Thies Lingner Lukas Schmitz-Beuting Michael Reich Veit Dominik Kunz Fankang Li Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
topic_facet |
Medicine R Science Q |
description |
To develop mitigation measures for the protection of bats in close proximity to onshore wind turbines, new detection techniques covering large-scale environments and techniques, which are able to track individuals are required. Radar based observations, successfully applied in ornithological studies, offer a promising potential, but come with challenges regarding the comparability of measurements and noise interference (ground clutter) from objects within detection range. This paper presents improvements of a commercially available inexpensive pulse radar for 3D spatial detection of bat-sized objects in onshore wind parks. A new analytical spatial detection volume model is presented incorporating calibrated radar data and landscape parameters such as clutter. Computer simulation programs to process the analytical spatial detection volume model were developed. For model calibration, the minimum signal power of the radar was experimentally determined with the radar cross section (RCS) of an artificial bat (similar to Nyctalus noctula), resulting in a maximum detection range of 800 m and a corresponding RCS of 12.7 cm². Additionally, the spatial volume for radar detection was optimized with a clutter shielding fence (CSF). Adjusting the volume model by incorporating a theoretical model of the CSF, an extension of the detection volume by a factor of 2.5 was achieved, while the total volume of a 105° horizontal angular radar image section yields 0.0105 km³. Extrapolation and comparison with state-of-the-art acoustic bat detection result in a 270 times larger volume, confirming the large-scale detection capabilities of the pulse radar. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jannes Kreutzfeldt Carolin Floeter Thies Lingner Lukas Schmitz-Beuting Michael Reich Veit Dominik Kunz Fankang Li |
author_facet |
Jannes Kreutzfeldt Carolin Floeter Thies Lingner Lukas Schmitz-Beuting Michael Reich Veit Dominik Kunz Fankang Li |
author_sort |
Jannes Kreutzfeldt |
title |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
title_short |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
title_full |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
title_fullStr |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
title_sort |
analytical volume model for optimized spatial radar bat detection in onshore wind parks |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/85074cb0eda648109ae3a87b9e7581e9 |
genre |
Nyctalus noctula |
genre_facet |
Nyctalus noctula |
op_source |
PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 9 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7526923/?tool=EBI https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 1932-6203 https://doaj.org/article/85074cb0eda648109ae3a87b9e7581e9 |
_version_ |
1766154768292511744 |