Slab Ocean Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation, and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity
Abstract This work describes the implementation and evaluation of the Slab Ocean Model component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2‐SOM) and its application to understanding the climate sensitivity to ocean heat transports (OHTs) and CO2 forcing. E3SMv2‐SOM reproduces the ba...
Published in: | Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2024
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003910 https://doaj.org/article/84bd30da70ee47308dc0f3b7fe234bb6 |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:84bd30da70ee47308dc0f3b7fe234bb6 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:84bd30da70ee47308dc0f3b7fe234bb6 2024-09-15T18:35:38+00:00 Slab Ocean Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation, and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity Oluwayemi Garuba Philip J. Rasch L. Ruby Leung Hailong Wang Samson Hagos Balwinder Singh 2024-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003910 https://doaj.org/article/84bd30da70ee47308dc0f3b7fe234bb6 EN eng American Geophysical Union (AGU) https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003910 https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466 1942-2466 doi:10.1029/2023MS003910 https://doaj.org/article/84bd30da70ee47308dc0f3b7fe234bb6 Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol 16, Iss 5, Pp n/a-n/a (2024) model verification and validation hierarchical climate modeling global climate models ocean/atmosphere interactions climate sensitivity clouds and cloud feedbacks Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2024 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003910 2024-08-05T17:49:18Z Abstract This work describes the implementation and evaluation of the Slab Ocean Model component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2‐SOM) and its application to understanding the climate sensitivity to ocean heat transports (OHTs) and CO2 forcing. E3SMv2‐SOM reproduces the baseline climate and Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) of the fully coupled E3SMv2 experiments reasonably well, with a pattern correlation close to 1 and a global mean bias of less than 1% of the fully coupled surface temperature and precipitation. Sea ice extent and volume are also well reproduced in the SOM. Consistent with general model behavior, the ECS estimated from the SOM (4.5 K) exceeds the effective climate sensitivity obtained from extrapolation to equilibrium in the fully coupled model (4.0 K). The E3SMv2 baseline climate also shows a large sensitivity to OHT strengths, with a global surface temperature difference of about 4.0°C between high‐/low‐OHT experiments with prescribed forcings derived from fully coupled experiments with realistic/weak ocean circulation strengths. Similar to their forcing pattern, the surface temperature response occurs mainly over the subpolar regions in both hemispheres. However, the Southern Ocean shows more surface temperature sensitivity to high/low‐OHT forcing due to a positive/negative shortwave cloud radiative effect caused by decreases/increases in mid‐latitude marine low‐level clouds. This large temperature sensitivity also causes an overcompensation between the prescribed OHTs and atmosphere heat transports. The SOM's ECS estimate is also sensitive to the prescribed OHT and the associated baseline climate it is initialized from; the high‐OHT ECS is 0.5 K lower than the low‐OHT ECS. Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems 16 5 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
model verification and validation hierarchical climate modeling global climate models ocean/atmosphere interactions climate sensitivity clouds and cloud feedbacks Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
model verification and validation hierarchical climate modeling global climate models ocean/atmosphere interactions climate sensitivity clouds and cloud feedbacks Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581 Oluwayemi Garuba Philip J. Rasch L. Ruby Leung Hailong Wang Samson Hagos Balwinder Singh Slab Ocean Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation, and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity |
topic_facet |
model verification and validation hierarchical climate modeling global climate models ocean/atmosphere interactions climate sensitivity clouds and cloud feedbacks Physical geography GB3-5030 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Abstract This work describes the implementation and evaluation of the Slab Ocean Model component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2‐SOM) and its application to understanding the climate sensitivity to ocean heat transports (OHTs) and CO2 forcing. E3SMv2‐SOM reproduces the baseline climate and Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) of the fully coupled E3SMv2 experiments reasonably well, with a pattern correlation close to 1 and a global mean bias of less than 1% of the fully coupled surface temperature and precipitation. Sea ice extent and volume are also well reproduced in the SOM. Consistent with general model behavior, the ECS estimated from the SOM (4.5 K) exceeds the effective climate sensitivity obtained from extrapolation to equilibrium in the fully coupled model (4.0 K). The E3SMv2 baseline climate also shows a large sensitivity to OHT strengths, with a global surface temperature difference of about 4.0°C between high‐/low‐OHT experiments with prescribed forcings derived from fully coupled experiments with realistic/weak ocean circulation strengths. Similar to their forcing pattern, the surface temperature response occurs mainly over the subpolar regions in both hemispheres. However, the Southern Ocean shows more surface temperature sensitivity to high/low‐OHT forcing due to a positive/negative shortwave cloud radiative effect caused by decreases/increases in mid‐latitude marine low‐level clouds. This large temperature sensitivity also causes an overcompensation between the prescribed OHTs and atmosphere heat transports. The SOM's ECS estimate is also sensitive to the prescribed OHT and the associated baseline climate it is initialized from; the high‐OHT ECS is 0.5 K lower than the low‐OHT ECS. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Oluwayemi Garuba Philip J. Rasch L. Ruby Leung Hailong Wang Samson Hagos Balwinder Singh |
author_facet |
Oluwayemi Garuba Philip J. Rasch L. Ruby Leung Hailong Wang Samson Hagos Balwinder Singh |
author_sort |
Oluwayemi Garuba |
title |
Slab Ocean Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation, and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity |
title_short |
Slab Ocean Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation, and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity |
title_full |
Slab Ocean Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation, and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity |
title_fullStr |
Slab Ocean Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation, and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity |
title_full_unstemmed |
Slab Ocean Component of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM): Development, Evaluation, and Application to Understanding Earth System Sensitivity |
title_sort |
slab ocean component of the energy exascale earth system model (e3sm): development, evaluation, and application to understanding earth system sensitivity |
publisher |
American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003910 https://doaj.org/article/84bd30da70ee47308dc0f3b7fe234bb6 |
genre |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol 16, Iss 5, Pp n/a-n/a (2024) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003910 https://doaj.org/toc/1942-2466 1942-2466 doi:10.1029/2023MS003910 https://doaj.org/article/84bd30da70ee47308dc0f3b7fe234bb6 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023MS003910 |
container_title |
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
5 |
_version_ |
1810478818898477056 |