A Risk-Based Model Using Communication Distance Reduction for the Assessment of Underwater Continuous Noise: An Application to the Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) Inhabiting the Spanish North Atlantic Marine Demarcation
Over the last decade, national authorities and European administrations have made great efforts to establish methodological standards for the assessment of underwater continuous noise, especially under the requirements set by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Through the MSFD implement...
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MDPI AG
2022
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:84981c0443354a4a9ad7e6daf0ef8730 2023-05-15T17:36:35+02:00 A Risk-Based Model Using Communication Distance Reduction for the Assessment of Underwater Continuous Noise: An Application to the Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) Inhabiting the Spanish North Atlantic Marine Demarcation Manuel Bou-Cabo Guillermo Lara Paula Gutiérrez-Muñoz C. Saavedra Ramón Miralles Víctor Espinosa 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050605 https://doaj.org/article/84981c0443354a4a9ad7e6daf0ef8730 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/5/605 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse10050605 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/84981c0443354a4a9ad7e6daf0ef8730 Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 10, Iss 605, p 605 (2022) underwater noise marine pollution cetaceans risk assessment Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050605 2022-12-30T21:51:24Z Over the last decade, national authorities and European administrations have made great efforts to establish methodological standards for the assessment of underwater continuous noise, especially under the requirements set by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Through the MSFD implementation across EU Member States Marine Reporting Units (MRUs), it is intended to establish the Good Environmental Status (GES) whether it is achieved or not. The evaluation of the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) at the local or regional scale for 1/3 octave band of 63 Hz and 125 Hz and the identification of long temporary trends were considered to be a priority due to the valuable information they can offer in relation to continuous low-frequency noise. Nevertheless, the methodology to determine threshold values from which to evaluate the GES has become difficult to define, and new approaches and considerations are currently being discussed by groups of experts, such as the technical subgroup on underwater acoustics (TGnoise) and regional commissions (e.g., OSPAR). This work presents a methodology to perform the assessment of a given area, providing a risk index that is related to potential appearance of masking effect due to the underwater noise produced by marine traffic. The risk index is hinged on the calculation of area under curves defined by the density of animals and a variable related to underwater noise SPL, defined as percentage of communication distance reduction. At this stage, the methodology presented does not consider physiological or behavioral mechanisms to overcome the masking by animals. The methodology presented has been applied to the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the ABIES—NOR marine demarcation to illustrate the possible use of risk-based models to manage marine areas related to human pressures, such as marine traffic, with the potential adverse impact on a given species (e.g., masking effect). Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10 5 605 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
underwater noise marine pollution cetaceans risk assessment Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
spellingShingle |
underwater noise marine pollution cetaceans risk assessment Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 Manuel Bou-Cabo Guillermo Lara Paula Gutiérrez-Muñoz C. Saavedra Ramón Miralles Víctor Espinosa A Risk-Based Model Using Communication Distance Reduction for the Assessment of Underwater Continuous Noise: An Application to the Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) Inhabiting the Spanish North Atlantic Marine Demarcation |
topic_facet |
underwater noise marine pollution cetaceans risk assessment Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering VM1-989 Oceanography GC1-1581 |
description |
Over the last decade, national authorities and European administrations have made great efforts to establish methodological standards for the assessment of underwater continuous noise, especially under the requirements set by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Through the MSFD implementation across EU Member States Marine Reporting Units (MRUs), it is intended to establish the Good Environmental Status (GES) whether it is achieved or not. The evaluation of the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) at the local or regional scale for 1/3 octave band of 63 Hz and 125 Hz and the identification of long temporary trends were considered to be a priority due to the valuable information they can offer in relation to continuous low-frequency noise. Nevertheless, the methodology to determine threshold values from which to evaluate the GES has become difficult to define, and new approaches and considerations are currently being discussed by groups of experts, such as the technical subgroup on underwater acoustics (TGnoise) and regional commissions (e.g., OSPAR). This work presents a methodology to perform the assessment of a given area, providing a risk index that is related to potential appearance of masking effect due to the underwater noise produced by marine traffic. The risk index is hinged on the calculation of area under curves defined by the density of animals and a variable related to underwater noise SPL, defined as percentage of communication distance reduction. At this stage, the methodology presented does not consider physiological or behavioral mechanisms to overcome the masking by animals. The methodology presented has been applied to the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the ABIES—NOR marine demarcation to illustrate the possible use of risk-based models to manage marine areas related to human pressures, such as marine traffic, with the potential adverse impact on a given species (e.g., masking effect). |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Manuel Bou-Cabo Guillermo Lara Paula Gutiérrez-Muñoz C. Saavedra Ramón Miralles Víctor Espinosa |
author_facet |
Manuel Bou-Cabo Guillermo Lara Paula Gutiérrez-Muñoz C. Saavedra Ramón Miralles Víctor Espinosa |
author_sort |
Manuel Bou-Cabo |
title |
A Risk-Based Model Using Communication Distance Reduction for the Assessment of Underwater Continuous Noise: An Application to the Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) Inhabiting the Spanish North Atlantic Marine Demarcation |
title_short |
A Risk-Based Model Using Communication Distance Reduction for the Assessment of Underwater Continuous Noise: An Application to the Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) Inhabiting the Spanish North Atlantic Marine Demarcation |
title_full |
A Risk-Based Model Using Communication Distance Reduction for the Assessment of Underwater Continuous Noise: An Application to the Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) Inhabiting the Spanish North Atlantic Marine Demarcation |
title_fullStr |
A Risk-Based Model Using Communication Distance Reduction for the Assessment of Underwater Continuous Noise: An Application to the Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) Inhabiting the Spanish North Atlantic Marine Demarcation |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Risk-Based Model Using Communication Distance Reduction for the Assessment of Underwater Continuous Noise: An Application to the Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus ) Inhabiting the Spanish North Atlantic Marine Demarcation |
title_sort |
risk-based model using communication distance reduction for the assessment of underwater continuous noise: an application to the bottlenose dolphin ( tursiops truncatus ) inhabiting the spanish north atlantic marine demarcation |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050605 https://doaj.org/article/84981c0443354a4a9ad7e6daf0ef8730 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 10, Iss 605, p 605 (2022) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/10/5/605 https://doaj.org/toc/2077-1312 doi:10.3390/jmse10050605 2077-1312 https://doaj.org/article/84981c0443354a4a9ad7e6daf0ef8730 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050605 |
container_title |
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
605 |
_version_ |
1766136106648076288 |