Defensive Metabolites from Antarctic Invertebrates: Does Energetic Content Interfere with Feeding Repellence?
Many bioactive products from benthic invertebrates mediating ecological interactions have proved to reduce predation, but their mechanisms of action, and their molecular identities, are usually unknown. It was suggested, yet scarcely investigated, that nutritional quality interferes with defensive m...
Published in: | Marine Drugs |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
MDPI AG
2014
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3390/md12063770 https://doaj.org/article/845bd96f44ff49c59e2525c387efad4b |
id |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:845bd96f44ff49c59e2525c387efad4b |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:845bd96f44ff49c59e2525c387efad4b 2023-05-15T13:33:50+02:00 Defensive Metabolites from Antarctic Invertebrates: Does Energetic Content Interfere with Feeding Repellence? Laura Núñez-Pons Conxita Avila 2014-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/md12063770 https://doaj.org/article/845bd96f44ff49c59e2525c387efad4b EN eng MDPI AG http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/6/3770 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397 1660-3397 doi:10.3390/md12063770 https://doaj.org/article/845bd96f44ff49c59e2525c387efad4b Marine Drugs, Vol 12, Iss 6, Pp 3770-3791 (2014) chemical ecology marine natural products amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus hexactinellid sponges colonial ascidians soft corals chemical defense Biology (General) QH301-705.5 article 2014 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/md12063770 2022-12-30T22:10:40Z Many bioactive products from benthic invertebrates mediating ecological interactions have proved to reduce predation, but their mechanisms of action, and their molecular identities, are usually unknown. It was suggested, yet scarcely investigated, that nutritional quality interferes with defensive metabolites. This means that antifeedants would be less effective when combined with energetically rich prey, and that higher amounts of defensive compounds would be needed for predator avoidance. We evaluated the effects of five types of repellents obtained from Antarctic invertebrates, in combination with diets of different energetic values. The compounds came from soft corals, ascidians and hexactinellid sponges; they included wax esters, alkaloids, a meroterpenoid, a steroid, and the recently described organic acid, glassponsine. Feeding repellency was tested through preference assays by preparing diets (alginate pearls) combining different energetic content and inorganic material. Experimental diets contained various concentrations of each repellent product, and were offered along with control compound-free pearls, to the Antarctic omnivore amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus. Meridianin alkaloids were the most active repellents, and wax esters were the least active when combined with foods of distinct energetic content. Our data show that levels of repellency vary for each compound, and that they perform differently when mixed with distinct assay foods. The natural products that interacted the most with energetic content were those occurring in nature at higher concentrations. The bioactivity of the remaining metabolites tested was found to depend on a threshold concentration, enough to elicit feeding repellence, independently from nutritional quality. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic The Antarctic Marine Drugs 12 6 3770 3791 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
chemical ecology marine natural products amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus hexactinellid sponges colonial ascidians soft corals chemical defense Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
spellingShingle |
chemical ecology marine natural products amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus hexactinellid sponges colonial ascidians soft corals chemical defense Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Laura Núñez-Pons Conxita Avila Defensive Metabolites from Antarctic Invertebrates: Does Energetic Content Interfere with Feeding Repellence? |
topic_facet |
chemical ecology marine natural products amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus hexactinellid sponges colonial ascidians soft corals chemical defense Biology (General) QH301-705.5 |
description |
Many bioactive products from benthic invertebrates mediating ecological interactions have proved to reduce predation, but their mechanisms of action, and their molecular identities, are usually unknown. It was suggested, yet scarcely investigated, that nutritional quality interferes with defensive metabolites. This means that antifeedants would be less effective when combined with energetically rich prey, and that higher amounts of defensive compounds would be needed for predator avoidance. We evaluated the effects of five types of repellents obtained from Antarctic invertebrates, in combination with diets of different energetic values. The compounds came from soft corals, ascidians and hexactinellid sponges; they included wax esters, alkaloids, a meroterpenoid, a steroid, and the recently described organic acid, glassponsine. Feeding repellency was tested through preference assays by preparing diets (alginate pearls) combining different energetic content and inorganic material. Experimental diets contained various concentrations of each repellent product, and were offered along with control compound-free pearls, to the Antarctic omnivore amphipod Cheirimedon femoratus. Meridianin alkaloids were the most active repellents, and wax esters were the least active when combined with foods of distinct energetic content. Our data show that levels of repellency vary for each compound, and that they perform differently when mixed with distinct assay foods. The natural products that interacted the most with energetic content were those occurring in nature at higher concentrations. The bioactivity of the remaining metabolites tested was found to depend on a threshold concentration, enough to elicit feeding repellence, independently from nutritional quality. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Laura Núñez-Pons Conxita Avila |
author_facet |
Laura Núñez-Pons Conxita Avila |
author_sort |
Laura Núñez-Pons |
title |
Defensive Metabolites from Antarctic Invertebrates: Does Energetic Content Interfere with Feeding Repellence? |
title_short |
Defensive Metabolites from Antarctic Invertebrates: Does Energetic Content Interfere with Feeding Repellence? |
title_full |
Defensive Metabolites from Antarctic Invertebrates: Does Energetic Content Interfere with Feeding Repellence? |
title_fullStr |
Defensive Metabolites from Antarctic Invertebrates: Does Energetic Content Interfere with Feeding Repellence? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Defensive Metabolites from Antarctic Invertebrates: Does Energetic Content Interfere with Feeding Repellence? |
title_sort |
defensive metabolites from antarctic invertebrates: does energetic content interfere with feeding repellence? |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md12063770 https://doaj.org/article/845bd96f44ff49c59e2525c387efad4b |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_source |
Marine Drugs, Vol 12, Iss 6, Pp 3770-3791 (2014) |
op_relation |
http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/6/3770 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-3397 1660-3397 doi:10.3390/md12063770 https://doaj.org/article/845bd96f44ff49c59e2525c387efad4b |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md12063770 |
container_title |
Marine Drugs |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
3770 |
op_container_end_page |
3791 |
_version_ |
1766046407454621696 |