Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton
The Barents Sea is a hotspot for environmental change due to its rapid warming, and information on dietary preferences of zooplankton is crucial to better understand the impacts of these changes on food-web dynamics. We combined lipid-based trophic marker approaches, namely analysis of fatty acids (...
Published in: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 https://doaj.org/article/84346c49368a4f85a5cc165cbf53413e |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:84346c49368a4f85a5cc165cbf53413e 2023-05-15T15:38:29+02:00 Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton Doreen Kohlbach Katrin Schmidt Haakon Hop Anette Wold Amalia Keck Al-Habahbeh Simon T. Belt Matthias Woll Martin Graeve Lukas Smik Angus Atkinson Philipp Assmy 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 https://doaj.org/article/84346c49368a4f85a5cc165cbf53413e EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 https://doaj.org/article/84346c49368a4f85a5cc165cbf53413e Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021) Calanus Themisto Barents Sea sea ice carbon sources trophic markers Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 2022-12-31T06:26:38Z The Barents Sea is a hotspot for environmental change due to its rapid warming, and information on dietary preferences of zooplankton is crucial to better understand the impacts of these changes on food-web dynamics. We combined lipid-based trophic marker approaches, namely analysis of fatty acids (FAs), highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) and sterols, to compare late summer (August) and early winter (November/December) feeding of key Barents Sea zooplankters; the copepods Calanus glacialis, C. hyperboreus and C. finmarchicus and the amphipods Themisto libellula and T. abyssorum. Based on FAs, copepods showed a stronger reliance on a diatom-based diet. Phytosterols, produced mainly by diatoms, declined from summer to winter in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, indicating the strong direct linkage of their feeding to primary production. By contrast, C. finmarchicus showed evidence of year-round feeding, indicated by the higher winter carnivory FA ratios of 18:1(n-9)/18:1(n-7) than its larger congeners. This, plus differences in seasonal lipid dynamics, suggests varied overwintering strategies among the copepods; namely diapause in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus and continued feeding activity in C. finmarchicus. Based on the absence of sea ice algae-associated HBIs (IP25 and IPSO25) in the three copepod species during both seasons, their carbon sources were likely primarily of pelagic origin. In both amphipods, increased FA carnivory ratios during winter indicated that they relied strongly on heterotrophic prey during the polar night. Both amphipod species contained sea ice algae-derived HBIs, present in broadly similar concentrations between species and seasons. Our results indicate that sea ice-derived carbon forms a supplementary food rather than a crucial dietary component for these two amphipod species in summer and winter, with carnivory potentially providing them with a degree of resilience to the rapid decline in Barents Sea (winter) sea-ice extent and thickness. The weak trophic link of both zooplankton ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Barents Sea Calanus glacialis ice algae polar night Sea ice Themisto libellula Copepods Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Barents Sea Frontiers in Marine Science 8 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Calanus Themisto Barents Sea sea ice carbon sources trophic markers Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
spellingShingle |
Calanus Themisto Barents Sea sea ice carbon sources trophic markers Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Doreen Kohlbach Katrin Schmidt Haakon Hop Anette Wold Amalia Keck Al-Habahbeh Simon T. Belt Matthias Woll Martin Graeve Lukas Smik Angus Atkinson Philipp Assmy Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
topic_facet |
Calanus Themisto Barents Sea sea ice carbon sources trophic markers Science Q General. Including nature conservation geographical distribution QH1-199.5 |
description |
The Barents Sea is a hotspot for environmental change due to its rapid warming, and information on dietary preferences of zooplankton is crucial to better understand the impacts of these changes on food-web dynamics. We combined lipid-based trophic marker approaches, namely analysis of fatty acids (FAs), highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) and sterols, to compare late summer (August) and early winter (November/December) feeding of key Barents Sea zooplankters; the copepods Calanus glacialis, C. hyperboreus and C. finmarchicus and the amphipods Themisto libellula and T. abyssorum. Based on FAs, copepods showed a stronger reliance on a diatom-based diet. Phytosterols, produced mainly by diatoms, declined from summer to winter in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus, indicating the strong direct linkage of their feeding to primary production. By contrast, C. finmarchicus showed evidence of year-round feeding, indicated by the higher winter carnivory FA ratios of 18:1(n-9)/18:1(n-7) than its larger congeners. This, plus differences in seasonal lipid dynamics, suggests varied overwintering strategies among the copepods; namely diapause in C. glacialis and C. hyperboreus and continued feeding activity in C. finmarchicus. Based on the absence of sea ice algae-associated HBIs (IP25 and IPSO25) in the three copepod species during both seasons, their carbon sources were likely primarily of pelagic origin. In both amphipods, increased FA carnivory ratios during winter indicated that they relied strongly on heterotrophic prey during the polar night. Both amphipod species contained sea ice algae-derived HBIs, present in broadly similar concentrations between species and seasons. Our results indicate that sea ice-derived carbon forms a supplementary food rather than a crucial dietary component for these two amphipod species in summer and winter, with carnivory potentially providing them with a degree of resilience to the rapid decline in Barents Sea (winter) sea-ice extent and thickness. The weak trophic link of both zooplankton ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Doreen Kohlbach Katrin Schmidt Haakon Hop Anette Wold Amalia Keck Al-Habahbeh Simon T. Belt Matthias Woll Martin Graeve Lukas Smik Angus Atkinson Philipp Assmy |
author_facet |
Doreen Kohlbach Katrin Schmidt Haakon Hop Anette Wold Amalia Keck Al-Habahbeh Simon T. Belt Matthias Woll Martin Graeve Lukas Smik Angus Atkinson Philipp Assmy |
author_sort |
Doreen Kohlbach |
title |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_short |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_full |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_fullStr |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winter Carnivory and Diapause Counteract the Reliance on Ice Algae by Barents Sea Zooplankton |
title_sort |
winter carnivory and diapause counteract the reliance on ice algae by barents sea zooplankton |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 https://doaj.org/article/84346c49368a4f85a5cc165cbf53413e |
geographic |
Barents Sea |
geographic_facet |
Barents Sea |
genre |
Barents Sea Calanus glacialis ice algae polar night Sea ice Themisto libellula Copepods |
genre_facet |
Barents Sea Calanus glacialis ice algae polar night Sea ice Themisto libellula Copepods |
op_source |
Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 2296-7745 doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 https://doaj.org/article/84346c49368a4f85a5cc165cbf53413e |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.640050 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
container_volume |
8 |
_version_ |
1766369441453441024 |