What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean?
In this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep water present in the Indian and Pacific oceans which originated in the northern Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO 4 * we show that if ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution, then the...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:83eb78378f1e4de1ba5c2f0755bd9c1a 2023-05-15T14:03:12+02:00 What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? J. W. B. Rae W. Broecker 2018-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 https://doaj.org/article/83eb78378f1e4de1ba5c2f0755bd9c1a EN eng Copernicus Publications https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/3779/2018/bg-15-3779-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/83eb78378f1e4de1ba5c2f0755bd9c1a Biogeosciences, Vol 15, Pp 3779-3794 (2018) Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 article 2018 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 2022-12-31T02:39:36Z In this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep water present in the Indian and Pacific oceans which originated in the northern Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO 4 * we show that if ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution, then the proportions could be close to 50–50. If instead a Southern Ocean bottom water value is used, the Southern contribution is increased to 75 %. While this larger estimate may best characterize the volume of water entering the Indo-Pacific from the Southern Ocean, it contains a significant portion of entrained northern water. We also note that ventilation may be highly tracer dependent: for instance Southern Ocean waters may contribute only 35 % of the deep radiocarbon budget, even if their volumetric contribution is 75 %. In our estimation, the most promising approaches involve using CFC-11 to constrain the amount of deep water formed in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we highlight the broad utility of PO 4 * as a tracer of deep water masses, including descending plumes of Antarctic Bottom Water and large-scale patterns of deep ocean mixing, and as a tracer of the efficiency of the biological pump. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Antarctic Southern Ocean Pacific Indian Biogeosciences 15 12 3779 3794 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
spellingShingle |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 J. W. B. Rae W. Broecker What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
topic_facet |
Ecology QH540-549.5 Life QH501-531 Geology QE1-996.5 |
description |
In this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep water present in the Indian and Pacific oceans which originated in the northern Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO 4 * we show that if ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution, then the proportions could be close to 50–50. If instead a Southern Ocean bottom water value is used, the Southern contribution is increased to 75 %. While this larger estimate may best characterize the volume of water entering the Indo-Pacific from the Southern Ocean, it contains a significant portion of entrained northern water. We also note that ventilation may be highly tracer dependent: for instance Southern Ocean waters may contribute only 35 % of the deep radiocarbon budget, even if their volumetric contribution is 75 %. In our estimation, the most promising approaches involve using CFC-11 to constrain the amount of deep water formed in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we highlight the broad utility of PO 4 * as a tracer of deep water masses, including descending plumes of Antarctic Bottom Water and large-scale patterns of deep ocean mixing, and as a tracer of the efficiency of the biological pump. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
J. W. B. Rae W. Broecker |
author_facet |
J. W. B. Rae W. Broecker |
author_sort |
J. W. B. Rae |
title |
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
title_short |
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
title_full |
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
title_fullStr |
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
title_full_unstemmed |
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? |
title_sort |
what fraction of the pacific and indian oceans' deep water is formed in the southern ocean? |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 https://doaj.org/article/83eb78378f1e4de1ba5c2f0755bd9c1a |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Pacific Indian |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Pacific Indian |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Biogeosciences, Vol 15, Pp 3779-3794 (2018) |
op_relation |
https://www.biogeosciences.net/15/3779/2018/bg-15-3779-2018.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4170 https://doaj.org/toc/1726-4189 doi:10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 1726-4170 1726-4189 https://doaj.org/article/83eb78378f1e4de1ba5c2f0755bd9c1a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018 |
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Biogeosciences |
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15 |
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12 |
container_start_page |
3779 |
op_container_end_page |
3794 |
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1766273760052117504 |