Elevated Levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Plasma as a Missing Risk Factor for Celiac Disease

Seth Scott Bittker Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USACorrespondence: Seth Scott Bittker 17 Edmond Street, Darien, CT 06820, USATel +1 212-203-6550Email sbittker@yahoo.comAbstract: The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has increased significantly in some developed countries in recent decades. Potent...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Bittker SS
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Dove Medical Press 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doaj.org/article/82f0feb65aa9444f8fe7d7e07b2b925a
id ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:82f0feb65aa9444f8fe7d7e07b2b925a
record_format openpolar
spelling ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:82f0feb65aa9444f8fe7d7e07b2b925a 2023-05-15T17:00:25+02:00 Elevated Levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Plasma as a Missing Risk Factor for Celiac Disease Bittker SS 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doaj.org/article/82f0feb65aa9444f8fe7d7e07b2b925a EN eng Dove Medical Press https://www.dovepress.com/elevated-levels-of-125-dihydroxyvitamin-d-in-plasma-as-a-missing-risk--peer-reviewed-article-CEG https://doaj.org/toc/1178-7023 1178-7023 https://doaj.org/article/82f0feb65aa9444f8fe7d7e07b2b925a Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, Vol Volume 13, Pp 1-15 (2020) vitamin d vitamin d3 coeliac gluten epidemiology calcitriol Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology RC799-869 article 2020 ftdoajarticles 2022-12-31T16:35:11Z Seth Scott Bittker Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USACorrespondence: Seth Scott Bittker 17 Edmond Street, Darien, CT 06820, USATel +1 212-203-6550Email sbittker@yahoo.comAbstract: The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has increased significantly in some developed countries in recent decades. Potential risk factors that have been considered in the literature do not appear to provide a convincing explanation for this increase. This has led some researchers to hypothesize that there is a “missing environmental factor” that increases the risk of CD. Based on evidence from the literature, the author proposes that elevation in plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is a missing risk factor for CD, and relatedly that significant oral vitamin D exposure is a “missing environmental factor” for CD. First, elevated plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D are common in CD, especially in the newly diagnosed. Second, nine distinct conditions that increase plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D are either associated with CD or have indications of such an association in the literature. Third, a retrospective study shows that sustained oral vitamin D supplementation in infancy is associated with increased CD risk, and other studies on comorbid conditions support this association. Fourth, large doses of oral vitamin D upregulate many of the same cytokines, chemokines, and toll-like receptors that are upregulated in CD. Fifth, epidemiological evidence, such as the timing of the inception of a CD “epidemic” in Sweden, the increased prevalence of CD in Finland and the United States in recent decades, the unusually low prevalence of CD in Germany, and the differential in prevalence between Finnish Karelians and Russian Karelians, may all be explained by oral vitamin D exposure increasing CD risk. The same is true of some seemingly contradictory results in the literature on the effects of breastfeeding on CD risk. If future research validates this hypothesis, adjustments to oral vitamin D consumption among those who have genetic ... Article in Journal/Newspaper karelia* karelians Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles
institution Open Polar
collection Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles
op_collection_id ftdoajarticles
language English
topic vitamin d
vitamin d3
coeliac
gluten
epidemiology
calcitriol
Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology
RC799-869
spellingShingle vitamin d
vitamin d3
coeliac
gluten
epidemiology
calcitriol
Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology
RC799-869
Bittker SS
Elevated Levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Plasma as a Missing Risk Factor for Celiac Disease
topic_facet vitamin d
vitamin d3
coeliac
gluten
epidemiology
calcitriol
Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology
RC799-869
description Seth Scott Bittker Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, USACorrespondence: Seth Scott Bittker 17 Edmond Street, Darien, CT 06820, USATel +1 212-203-6550Email sbittker@yahoo.comAbstract: The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has increased significantly in some developed countries in recent decades. Potential risk factors that have been considered in the literature do not appear to provide a convincing explanation for this increase. This has led some researchers to hypothesize that there is a “missing environmental factor” that increases the risk of CD. Based on evidence from the literature, the author proposes that elevation in plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is a missing risk factor for CD, and relatedly that significant oral vitamin D exposure is a “missing environmental factor” for CD. First, elevated plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D are common in CD, especially in the newly diagnosed. Second, nine distinct conditions that increase plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D are either associated with CD or have indications of such an association in the literature. Third, a retrospective study shows that sustained oral vitamin D supplementation in infancy is associated with increased CD risk, and other studies on comorbid conditions support this association. Fourth, large doses of oral vitamin D upregulate many of the same cytokines, chemokines, and toll-like receptors that are upregulated in CD. Fifth, epidemiological evidence, such as the timing of the inception of a CD “epidemic” in Sweden, the increased prevalence of CD in Finland and the United States in recent decades, the unusually low prevalence of CD in Germany, and the differential in prevalence between Finnish Karelians and Russian Karelians, may all be explained by oral vitamin D exposure increasing CD risk. The same is true of some seemingly contradictory results in the literature on the effects of breastfeeding on CD risk. If future research validates this hypothesis, adjustments to oral vitamin D consumption among those who have genetic ...
format Article in Journal/Newspaper
author Bittker SS
author_facet Bittker SS
author_sort Bittker SS
title Elevated Levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Plasma as a Missing Risk Factor for Celiac Disease
title_short Elevated Levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Plasma as a Missing Risk Factor for Celiac Disease
title_full Elevated Levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Plasma as a Missing Risk Factor for Celiac Disease
title_fullStr Elevated Levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Plasma as a Missing Risk Factor for Celiac Disease
title_full_unstemmed Elevated Levels of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D in Plasma as a Missing Risk Factor for Celiac Disease
title_sort elevated levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d in plasma as a missing risk factor for celiac disease
publisher Dove Medical Press
publishDate 2020
url https://doaj.org/article/82f0feb65aa9444f8fe7d7e07b2b925a
genre karelia*
karelians
genre_facet karelia*
karelians
op_source Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, Vol Volume 13, Pp 1-15 (2020)
op_relation https://www.dovepress.com/elevated-levels-of-125-dihydroxyvitamin-d-in-plasma-as-a-missing-risk--peer-reviewed-article-CEG
https://doaj.org/toc/1178-7023
1178-7023
https://doaj.org/article/82f0feb65aa9444f8fe7d7e07b2b925a
_version_ 1766053090309439488