A framework for experimental scenarios of global change in marine systems using coral reefs as a case study

• Published in: Royal Society Open Science
• Main Authors: Nathan R. Geraldi, Shannon G. Klein, Andrea Anton, Carlos M. Duarte
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: The Royal Society 2020
• Subjects: anthropocene; climate change; experimental design; ocean warming; ocean acidification; co2 emissions; Science; Q; Ocean acidification
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191118; https://doaj.org/article/823a1f9146864ed881fb13d1fe136208

Understanding the consequences of rising CO2 and warming on marine ecosystems is a pressing issue in ecology. Manipulative experiments that assess responses of biota to future ocean warming and acidification conditions form a necessary basis for expectations on how marine taxa may respond. Although designing experiments in the context of local variability is most appropriate, local temperature and CO2 characteristics are often unknown as such measures necessitate significant resources, and even less is known about local future scenarios. To help address these issues, we summarize current uncertainties in CO2 emission trajectories and climate sensitivity, examine region-specific changes in the ocean, and present a straightforward global framework to guide experimental designs. We advocate for the inclusion of multiple plausible future scenarios of predicted levels of ocean warming and acidification in forthcoming experimental research. Growing a robust experimental base is crucial to understanding the prospect form and function of marine ecosystems in the Anthropocene.