Interannual variability of ice cover in the Caspian Sea
Satellite remote sensing data (SAR and Ocean Color), MERRA-2 reanalysis and records at Astrakhan meteorological station were used to investigate interannual variability of ice cover characteristics in the North Caspian Sea for 23 winter seasons (November 1 – April 15) from 1999/2000 to 2021/2022. Th...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:8213bb232b48406184afc08d71ceee17 2023-05-15T18:18:58+02:00 Interannual variability of ice cover in the Caspian Sea Olga Yu. Lavrova Anna I. Ginzburg Andrey G. Kostianoy Tatiana Yu. Bocharova 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2022.100145 https://doaj.org/article/8213bb232b48406184afc08d71ceee17 EN eng Elsevier http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258991552200027X https://doaj.org/toc/2589-9155 2589-9155 doi:10.1016/j.hydroa.2022.100145 https://doaj.org/article/8213bb232b48406184afc08d71ceee17 Journal of Hydrology X, Vol 17, Iss , Pp 100145- (2022) North Caspian Sea Ice cover Ice cover area Ice cover duration SAR Ocean Color data Environmental engineering TA170-171 Environmental sciences GE1-350 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2022.100145 2022-12-30T19:36:22Z Satellite remote sensing data (SAR and Ocean Color), MERRA-2 reanalysis and records at Astrakhan meteorological station were used to investigate interannual variability of ice cover characteristics in the North Caspian Sea for 23 winter seasons (November 1 – April 15) from 1999/2000 to 2021/2022. The maximum annual ice cover area, ice freeze onset and melt dates and ice cover duration were determined from satellite remote sensing data, mostly SAR instruments on board the European Space Agency’s satellites, ranging from ERS-2 to the Sentinel-1A, -1B tandem. We propose a new band combination for Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI that allows better distinguishing ice cover from clouds or land than the standard RGB composites. In the absence of SAR data, this method was used to estimate the above mentioned parameters with high spatial and temporal resolution. To assess the severity of winters, the criterion on the basis of the sum of freezing degree-days (SFDD) was applied. For this purpose, we used values of daily minimum air temperature over the North Caspian (44.46°–47.14°N, 46.70–52.90°E), daily mean and daily minimum ones over its coldest eastern part (with the western border at 50°E), obtained from the MERRA-2 reanalysis, as well as data from the meteorological station in Astrakhan (46.35°N, 48.07°E). The resulting SFDD sequences show that until the winter of 2011/2012, there was a cooling trend on average (with noticeable interannual variability), whereas after that winter it changed to warming for Astrakhan and virtually disappeared for the North Caspian and its eastern part. A noticeable interannual variability is also shown by the maximum ice area and the duration of the ice period, both parameters with maximums in the winter of 2011/2012. We discuss in detail the correspondence between the SFDD and ice cover characteristics variations, as well as previously published results. In agreement with the other authors, we find that in the 21st century, compared to the 20th century, the number of very severe and ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Sea ice Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles The Sentinel ENVELOPE(73.317,73.317,-52.983,-52.983) Merra ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) Journal of Hydrology X 17 100145 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
North Caspian Sea Ice cover Ice cover area Ice cover duration SAR Ocean Color data Environmental engineering TA170-171 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
spellingShingle |
North Caspian Sea Ice cover Ice cover area Ice cover duration SAR Ocean Color data Environmental engineering TA170-171 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Olga Yu. Lavrova Anna I. Ginzburg Andrey G. Kostianoy Tatiana Yu. Bocharova Interannual variability of ice cover in the Caspian Sea |
topic_facet |
North Caspian Sea Ice cover Ice cover area Ice cover duration SAR Ocean Color data Environmental engineering TA170-171 Environmental sciences GE1-350 |
description |
Satellite remote sensing data (SAR and Ocean Color), MERRA-2 reanalysis and records at Astrakhan meteorological station were used to investigate interannual variability of ice cover characteristics in the North Caspian Sea for 23 winter seasons (November 1 – April 15) from 1999/2000 to 2021/2022. The maximum annual ice cover area, ice freeze onset and melt dates and ice cover duration were determined from satellite remote sensing data, mostly SAR instruments on board the European Space Agency’s satellites, ranging from ERS-2 to the Sentinel-1A, -1B tandem. We propose a new band combination for Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat-8 OLI that allows better distinguishing ice cover from clouds or land than the standard RGB composites. In the absence of SAR data, this method was used to estimate the above mentioned parameters with high spatial and temporal resolution. To assess the severity of winters, the criterion on the basis of the sum of freezing degree-days (SFDD) was applied. For this purpose, we used values of daily minimum air temperature over the North Caspian (44.46°–47.14°N, 46.70–52.90°E), daily mean and daily minimum ones over its coldest eastern part (with the western border at 50°E), obtained from the MERRA-2 reanalysis, as well as data from the meteorological station in Astrakhan (46.35°N, 48.07°E). The resulting SFDD sequences show that until the winter of 2011/2012, there was a cooling trend on average (with noticeable interannual variability), whereas after that winter it changed to warming for Astrakhan and virtually disappeared for the North Caspian and its eastern part. A noticeable interannual variability is also shown by the maximum ice area and the duration of the ice period, both parameters with maximums in the winter of 2011/2012. We discuss in detail the correspondence between the SFDD and ice cover characteristics variations, as well as previously published results. In agreement with the other authors, we find that in the 21st century, compared to the 20th century, the number of very severe and ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Olga Yu. Lavrova Anna I. Ginzburg Andrey G. Kostianoy Tatiana Yu. Bocharova |
author_facet |
Olga Yu. Lavrova Anna I. Ginzburg Andrey G. Kostianoy Tatiana Yu. Bocharova |
author_sort |
Olga Yu. Lavrova |
title |
Interannual variability of ice cover in the Caspian Sea |
title_short |
Interannual variability of ice cover in the Caspian Sea |
title_full |
Interannual variability of ice cover in the Caspian Sea |
title_fullStr |
Interannual variability of ice cover in the Caspian Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interannual variability of ice cover in the Caspian Sea |
title_sort |
interannual variability of ice cover in the caspian sea |
publisher |
Elsevier |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2022.100145 https://doaj.org/article/8213bb232b48406184afc08d71ceee17 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(73.317,73.317,-52.983,-52.983) ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) |
geographic |
The Sentinel Merra |
geographic_facet |
The Sentinel Merra |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Journal of Hydrology X, Vol 17, Iss , Pp 100145- (2022) |
op_relation |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258991552200027X https://doaj.org/toc/2589-9155 2589-9155 doi:10.1016/j.hydroa.2022.100145 https://doaj.org/article/8213bb232b48406184afc08d71ceee17 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydroa.2022.100145 |
container_title |
Journal of Hydrology X |
container_volume |
17 |
container_start_page |
100145 |
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1766195747804413952 |