Epidemiology of malaria and chloroquine resistance in Mizoram, northeastern India, a malaria-endemic region bordering Myanmar
Abstract Background Mizoram, a northeastern state in India, shares international borders with Myanmar and Bangladesh and is considered to be one of the key routes through which drug-resistant parasites of Southeast Asia enter mainland India. Despite its strategic location and importance, malaria epi...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:81df00ab05584723a50f3e60fe061a4d 2023-05-15T15:14:28+02:00 Epidemiology of malaria and chloroquine resistance in Mizoram, northeastern India, a malaria-endemic region bordering Myanmar Rita Zomuanpuii Christopher L. Hmar Khawlhring Lallawmzuala Lal Hlimpuia Praveen Balabaskaran Nina Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar 2020-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03170-3 https://doaj.org/article/81df00ab05584723a50f3e60fe061a4d EN eng BMC http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-020-03170-3 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03170-3 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/81df00ab05584723a50f3e60fe061a4d Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020) Mizoram Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine resistance pfcrt pfmdr1 Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03170-3 2022-12-31T00:39:41Z Abstract Background Mizoram, a northeastern state in India, shares international borders with Myanmar and Bangladesh and is considered to be one of the key routes through which drug-resistant parasites of Southeast Asia enter mainland India. Despite its strategic location and importance, malaria epidemiology and molecular status of chloroquine resistance had not been well documented, and since chloroquine (CQ), as the first-line treatment in Plasmodium falciparum infection was discontinued since 2008, it was expected that CQ-sensitive haplotype would be more abundant. Methods Malaria epidemiology data for the period 2010 to 2018 was collected from the office of State Vector Disease Control Programme. Plasmodium falciparum-positive blood samples were collected from government district hospitals, community health centres, primary health centres, sub-centres, and diagnostic centres from six malaria-prone districts. The samples were processed and analysed using genes–P. falciparum chloroquine-resistant transporter (pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) via sequencing of PCR amplicon from 2015 to 2017. Results Malaria occurred throughout the year and P. falciparum accounted for > 89% of total malaria cases. During 2010–2018, the highest number of malaria incidence was recorded in Lawngtlai (36% of total malaria cases; average API2010–2018 of 34.8) while Champhai remained consistently low (0.4%; average API2010–2018 of 0.04). Males of ≥ 15 years old contributed maximum (35.7%) among gender and age malarial distribution recorded during 2014–2018. Death due to malaria gradually decreased over the years. A higher abundance of mutated pfcrt (58.5% of the total sample analysed) and a lower prevalence of mutated pfmdr1 (48.7%) were observed. All mutations identified for pfcrt belong to the Southeast Asian CVIET haplotype. Only a single point mutation was observed at 86 (N → Y) position in pfmdr1 (48.7%). The key N86Y mutation in pfmdr1 that had been shown to modulate CQR was found in 67.1% of the ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Malaria Journal 19 1 |
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Mizoram Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine resistance pfcrt pfmdr1 Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
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Mizoram Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine resistance pfcrt pfmdr1 Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 Rita Zomuanpuii Christopher L. Hmar Khawlhring Lallawmzuala Lal Hlimpuia Praveen Balabaskaran Nina Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar Epidemiology of malaria and chloroquine resistance in Mizoram, northeastern India, a malaria-endemic region bordering Myanmar |
topic_facet |
Mizoram Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine resistance pfcrt pfmdr1 Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Infectious and parasitic diseases RC109-216 |
description |
Abstract Background Mizoram, a northeastern state in India, shares international borders with Myanmar and Bangladesh and is considered to be one of the key routes through which drug-resistant parasites of Southeast Asia enter mainland India. Despite its strategic location and importance, malaria epidemiology and molecular status of chloroquine resistance had not been well documented, and since chloroquine (CQ), as the first-line treatment in Plasmodium falciparum infection was discontinued since 2008, it was expected that CQ-sensitive haplotype would be more abundant. Methods Malaria epidemiology data for the period 2010 to 2018 was collected from the office of State Vector Disease Control Programme. Plasmodium falciparum-positive blood samples were collected from government district hospitals, community health centres, primary health centres, sub-centres, and diagnostic centres from six malaria-prone districts. The samples were processed and analysed using genes–P. falciparum chloroquine-resistant transporter (pfcrt) and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) via sequencing of PCR amplicon from 2015 to 2017. Results Malaria occurred throughout the year and P. falciparum accounted for > 89% of total malaria cases. During 2010–2018, the highest number of malaria incidence was recorded in Lawngtlai (36% of total malaria cases; average API2010–2018 of 34.8) while Champhai remained consistently low (0.4%; average API2010–2018 of 0.04). Males of ≥ 15 years old contributed maximum (35.7%) among gender and age malarial distribution recorded during 2014–2018. Death due to malaria gradually decreased over the years. A higher abundance of mutated pfcrt (58.5% of the total sample analysed) and a lower prevalence of mutated pfmdr1 (48.7%) were observed. All mutations identified for pfcrt belong to the Southeast Asian CVIET haplotype. Only a single point mutation was observed at 86 (N → Y) position in pfmdr1 (48.7%). The key N86Y mutation in pfmdr1 that had been shown to modulate CQR was found in 67.1% of the ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rita Zomuanpuii Christopher L. Hmar Khawlhring Lallawmzuala Lal Hlimpuia Praveen Balabaskaran Nina Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar |
author_facet |
Rita Zomuanpuii Christopher L. Hmar Khawlhring Lallawmzuala Lal Hlimpuia Praveen Balabaskaran Nina Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar |
author_sort |
Rita Zomuanpuii |
title |
Epidemiology of malaria and chloroquine resistance in Mizoram, northeastern India, a malaria-endemic region bordering Myanmar |
title_short |
Epidemiology of malaria and chloroquine resistance in Mizoram, northeastern India, a malaria-endemic region bordering Myanmar |
title_full |
Epidemiology of malaria and chloroquine resistance in Mizoram, northeastern India, a malaria-endemic region bordering Myanmar |
title_fullStr |
Epidemiology of malaria and chloroquine resistance in Mizoram, northeastern India, a malaria-endemic region bordering Myanmar |
title_full_unstemmed |
Epidemiology of malaria and chloroquine resistance in Mizoram, northeastern India, a malaria-endemic region bordering Myanmar |
title_sort |
epidemiology of malaria and chloroquine resistance in mizoram, northeastern india, a malaria-endemic region bordering myanmar |
publisher |
BMC |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03170-3 https://doaj.org/article/81df00ab05584723a50f3e60fe061a4d |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Malaria Journal, Vol 19, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020) |
op_relation |
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-020-03170-3 https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2875 doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03170-3 1475-2875 https://doaj.org/article/81df00ab05584723a50f3e60fe061a4d |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03170-3 |
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Malaria Journal |
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19 |
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1 |
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1766344917982904320 |