A 20-year historical review of West Nile virus since its initial emergence in North America: Has West Nile virus become a neglected tropical disease?
After the unexpected arrival of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States in 1999, the mosquito-borne virus quickly spread throughout North America. Over the past 20 years, WNV has become endemic, with sporadic epizootics. Concerns about the economic impact of infection in horses lead to the licens...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:80c5f1af8d0a47ffb3438acd32ea40f9 2023-05-15T15:04:13+02:00 A 20-year historical review of West Nile virus since its initial emergence in North America: Has West Nile virus become a neglected tropical disease? Shannon E Ronca Jeanne C Ruff Kristy O Murray 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009190 https://doaj.org/article/80c5f1af8d0a47ffb3438acd32ea40f9 EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009190 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009190 https://doaj.org/article/80c5f1af8d0a47ffb3438acd32ea40f9 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 5, p e0009190 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009190 2022-12-31T05:51:59Z After the unexpected arrival of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States in 1999, the mosquito-borne virus quickly spread throughout North America. Over the past 20 years, WNV has become endemic, with sporadic epizootics. Concerns about the economic impact of infection in horses lead to the licensure of an equine vaccine as early as 2005, but few advances regarding human vaccines or treatments have since been made. There is a high level of virus transmission in hot/humid, subtropical climates, and high morbidity that may disproportionately affect vulnerable populations including the homeless, elderly, and those with underlying health conditions. Although WNV continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality at great cost, funding and research have declined in recent years. These factors, combined with neglect by policy makers and amenability of control measures, indicate that WNV has become a neglected tropical disease. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 5 e0009190 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Shannon E Ronca Jeanne C Ruff Kristy O Murray A 20-year historical review of West Nile virus since its initial emergence in North America: Has West Nile virus become a neglected tropical disease? |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
After the unexpected arrival of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States in 1999, the mosquito-borne virus quickly spread throughout North America. Over the past 20 years, WNV has become endemic, with sporadic epizootics. Concerns about the economic impact of infection in horses lead to the licensure of an equine vaccine as early as 2005, but few advances regarding human vaccines or treatments have since been made. There is a high level of virus transmission in hot/humid, subtropical climates, and high morbidity that may disproportionately affect vulnerable populations including the homeless, elderly, and those with underlying health conditions. Although WNV continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality at great cost, funding and research have declined in recent years. These factors, combined with neglect by policy makers and amenability of control measures, indicate that WNV has become a neglected tropical disease. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Shannon E Ronca Jeanne C Ruff Kristy O Murray |
author_facet |
Shannon E Ronca Jeanne C Ruff Kristy O Murray |
author_sort |
Shannon E Ronca |
title |
A 20-year historical review of West Nile virus since its initial emergence in North America: Has West Nile virus become a neglected tropical disease? |
title_short |
A 20-year historical review of West Nile virus since its initial emergence in North America: Has West Nile virus become a neglected tropical disease? |
title_full |
A 20-year historical review of West Nile virus since its initial emergence in North America: Has West Nile virus become a neglected tropical disease? |
title_fullStr |
A 20-year historical review of West Nile virus since its initial emergence in North America: Has West Nile virus become a neglected tropical disease? |
title_full_unstemmed |
A 20-year historical review of West Nile virus since its initial emergence in North America: Has West Nile virus become a neglected tropical disease? |
title_sort |
20-year historical review of west nile virus since its initial emergence in north america: has west nile virus become a neglected tropical disease? |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009190 https://doaj.org/article/80c5f1af8d0a47ffb3438acd32ea40f9 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 5, p e0009190 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009190 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009190 https://doaj.org/article/80c5f1af8d0a47ffb3438acd32ea40f9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009190 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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15 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
e0009190 |
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1766336020360462336 |