A hotspot of Toxoplasma gondii Africa 1 lineage in Benin: How new genotypes from West Africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide.
Through international trades, Europe, Africa and South America share a long history of exchanges, potentially of pathogens. We used the worldwide parasite Toxoplasma gondii to test the hypothesis of a historical influence on pathogen genetic diversity in Benin, a West African country with a longstan...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:806f7fb201204fb0bf2836a32f6948ef 2023-05-15T15:16:26+02:00 A hotspot of Toxoplasma gondii Africa 1 lineage in Benin: How new genotypes from West Africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide. Azra Hamidović Jonas Raoul Etougbétché Arétas Babatounde Nounnagnon Tonouhewa Lokman Galal Gauthier Dobigny Gualbert Houémènou Honoré Da Zoclanclounon Richard Amagbégnon Anatole Laleye Nadine Fievet Sylvain Piry Karine Berthier Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena Marie-Laure Dardé Aurélien Mercier 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008980 https://doaj.org/article/806f7fb201204fb0bf2836a32f6948ef EN eng Public Library of Science (PLoS) https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008980 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008980 https://doaj.org/article/806f7fb201204fb0bf2836a32f6948ef PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 2, p e0008980 (2021) Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008980 2022-12-31T06:00:24Z Through international trades, Europe, Africa and South America share a long history of exchanges, potentially of pathogens. We used the worldwide parasite Toxoplasma gondii to test the hypothesis of a historical influence on pathogen genetic diversity in Benin, a West African country with a longstanding sea trade history. In Africa, T. gondii spatial structure is still non-uniformly studied and very few articles have reported strain genetic diversity in fauna and clinical forms of human toxoplasmosis so far, even in African diaspora. Sera from 758 domestic animals (mainly poultry) in two coastal areas (Cotonou and Ouidah) and two inland areas (Parakou and Natitingou) were tested for T. gondii antibodies using a Modified Agglutination Test (MAT). The hearts and brains of 69 seropositive animals were collected for parasite isolation in a mouse bioassay. Forty-five strains were obtained and 39 genotypes could be described via 15-microsatellite genotyping, with a predominance of the autochthonous African lineage Africa 1 (36/39). The remaining genotypes were Africa 4 variant TUB2 (1/39) and two identical isolates (clone) of Type III (2/39). No difference in terms of genotype distribution between inland and coastal sampling sites was found. In particular, contrarily to what has been described in Senegal, no type II (mostly present in Europe) was isolated in poultry from coastal cities. This result seems to refute a possible role of European maritime trade in Benin despite it was one of the most important hubs during the slave trade period. However, the presence of the Africa 1 genotype in Brazil, predominant in Benin, and genetic analyses suggest that the triangular trade was a route for the intercontinental dissemination of genetic strains from Africa to South America. This supports the possibility of contamination in humans and animals with potentially imported virulent strains. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15 2 e0008980 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
spellingShingle |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Azra Hamidović Jonas Raoul Etougbétché Arétas Babatounde Nounnagnon Tonouhewa Lokman Galal Gauthier Dobigny Gualbert Houémènou Honoré Da Zoclanclounon Richard Amagbégnon Anatole Laleye Nadine Fievet Sylvain Piry Karine Berthier Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena Marie-Laure Dardé Aurélien Mercier A hotspot of Toxoplasma gondii Africa 1 lineage in Benin: How new genotypes from West Africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide. |
topic_facet |
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 |
description |
Through international trades, Europe, Africa and South America share a long history of exchanges, potentially of pathogens. We used the worldwide parasite Toxoplasma gondii to test the hypothesis of a historical influence on pathogen genetic diversity in Benin, a West African country with a longstanding sea trade history. In Africa, T. gondii spatial structure is still non-uniformly studied and very few articles have reported strain genetic diversity in fauna and clinical forms of human toxoplasmosis so far, even in African diaspora. Sera from 758 domestic animals (mainly poultry) in two coastal areas (Cotonou and Ouidah) and two inland areas (Parakou and Natitingou) were tested for T. gondii antibodies using a Modified Agglutination Test (MAT). The hearts and brains of 69 seropositive animals were collected for parasite isolation in a mouse bioassay. Forty-five strains were obtained and 39 genotypes could be described via 15-microsatellite genotyping, with a predominance of the autochthonous African lineage Africa 1 (36/39). The remaining genotypes were Africa 4 variant TUB2 (1/39) and two identical isolates (clone) of Type III (2/39). No difference in terms of genotype distribution between inland and coastal sampling sites was found. In particular, contrarily to what has been described in Senegal, no type II (mostly present in Europe) was isolated in poultry from coastal cities. This result seems to refute a possible role of European maritime trade in Benin despite it was one of the most important hubs during the slave trade period. However, the presence of the Africa 1 genotype in Brazil, predominant in Benin, and genetic analyses suggest that the triangular trade was a route for the intercontinental dissemination of genetic strains from Africa to South America. This supports the possibility of contamination in humans and animals with potentially imported virulent strains. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Azra Hamidović Jonas Raoul Etougbétché Arétas Babatounde Nounnagnon Tonouhewa Lokman Galal Gauthier Dobigny Gualbert Houémènou Honoré Da Zoclanclounon Richard Amagbégnon Anatole Laleye Nadine Fievet Sylvain Piry Karine Berthier Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena Marie-Laure Dardé Aurélien Mercier |
author_facet |
Azra Hamidović Jonas Raoul Etougbétché Arétas Babatounde Nounnagnon Tonouhewa Lokman Galal Gauthier Dobigny Gualbert Houémènou Honoré Da Zoclanclounon Richard Amagbégnon Anatole Laleye Nadine Fievet Sylvain Piry Karine Berthier Hilda Fátima Jesus Pena Marie-Laure Dardé Aurélien Mercier |
author_sort |
Azra Hamidović |
title |
A hotspot of Toxoplasma gondii Africa 1 lineage in Benin: How new genotypes from West Africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide. |
title_short |
A hotspot of Toxoplasma gondii Africa 1 lineage in Benin: How new genotypes from West Africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide. |
title_full |
A hotspot of Toxoplasma gondii Africa 1 lineage in Benin: How new genotypes from West Africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide. |
title_fullStr |
A hotspot of Toxoplasma gondii Africa 1 lineage in Benin: How new genotypes from West Africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide. |
title_full_unstemmed |
A hotspot of Toxoplasma gondii Africa 1 lineage in Benin: How new genotypes from West Africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide. |
title_sort |
hotspot of toxoplasma gondii africa 1 lineage in benin: how new genotypes from west africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008980 https://doaj.org/article/806f7fb201204fb0bf2836a32f6948ef |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 2, p e0008980 (2021) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008980 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735 doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008980 https://doaj.org/article/806f7fb201204fb0bf2836a32f6948ef |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008980 |
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PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
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15 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
e0008980 |
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