Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil
The consumption of seafood and the use of fish oil for the production of nutraceuticals and fish feed have increased over the past decades due the high content of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. This increase has put pressure on the sustainability of fisheries. One way to overcome th...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:80021b81b7ab44cdaabab0edd354ce98 2023-05-15T15:47:58+02:00 Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil Pauke Carlijn Schots Alice Marie Pedersen Karl-Erik Eilertsen Ragnar Ludvig Olsen Terje Steinar Larsen 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00961 https://doaj.org/article/80021b81b7ab44cdaabab0edd354ce98 EN eng Frontiers Media S.A. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2020.00961/full https://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812 1663-9812 doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00961 https://doaj.org/article/80021b81b7ab44cdaabab0edd354ce98 Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 11 (2020) Calanus finmarchicus obesity long-chain omega-3 fatty acids long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids long-chain fatty alcohol stearidonic acid Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 article 2020 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00961 2022-12-31T00:11:42Z The consumption of seafood and the use of fish oil for the production of nutraceuticals and fish feed have increased over the past decades due the high content of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. This increase has put pressure on the sustainability of fisheries. One way to overcome the limited supply of fish oil is to harvest lower in the marine food web. Calanus finmarchicus, feeding on phytoplankton, is a small copepod constituting a considerable biomass in the North Atlantic and is a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids. The oil is, however, different from other commercial marine oils in terms of chemistry and, possibly, bioactivity since it contains wax esters. Wax esters are fatty acids that are esterified with alcohols. In addition to the long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the oil is also rich in stearidonic acid (SDA), long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids, and the long-chain fatty alcohols eicosenol and docosenol. Recent animal studies have indicated anti-inflammatory and anti-obesogenic actions of this copepod oil beyond that provided by EPA and DHA. This review will discuss potential mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of the oil, focusing on the impact of the various components of the oil. The health effects of EPA and DHA are well recognized, whereas long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and long-chain fatty alcohols have to a large degree been overlooked in relation to human health. Recently, however the fatty alcohols have received interest as potential targets for improved health via conversion to their corresponding fatty acids. Together, the different lipid components of the oil from C. finmarchicus may have potential as nutraceuticals for reducing obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. Article in Journal/Newspaper Calanus finmarchicus North Atlantic Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Frontiers in Pharmacology 11 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Calanus finmarchicus obesity long-chain omega-3 fatty acids long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids long-chain fatty alcohol stearidonic acid Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 |
spellingShingle |
Calanus finmarchicus obesity long-chain omega-3 fatty acids long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids long-chain fatty alcohol stearidonic acid Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Pauke Carlijn Schots Alice Marie Pedersen Karl-Erik Eilertsen Ragnar Ludvig Olsen Terje Steinar Larsen Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil |
topic_facet |
Calanus finmarchicus obesity long-chain omega-3 fatty acids long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids long-chain fatty alcohol stearidonic acid Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 |
description |
The consumption of seafood and the use of fish oil for the production of nutraceuticals and fish feed have increased over the past decades due the high content of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids. This increase has put pressure on the sustainability of fisheries. One way to overcome the limited supply of fish oil is to harvest lower in the marine food web. Calanus finmarchicus, feeding on phytoplankton, is a small copepod constituting a considerable biomass in the North Atlantic and is a novel source of omega-3 fatty acids. The oil is, however, different from other commercial marine oils in terms of chemistry and, possibly, bioactivity since it contains wax esters. Wax esters are fatty acids that are esterified with alcohols. In addition to the long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the oil is also rich in stearidonic acid (SDA), long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids, and the long-chain fatty alcohols eicosenol and docosenol. Recent animal studies have indicated anti-inflammatory and anti-obesogenic actions of this copepod oil beyond that provided by EPA and DHA. This review will discuss potential mechanisms behind these beneficial effects of the oil, focusing on the impact of the various components of the oil. The health effects of EPA and DHA are well recognized, whereas long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids and long-chain fatty alcohols have to a large degree been overlooked in relation to human health. Recently, however the fatty alcohols have received interest as potential targets for improved health via conversion to their corresponding fatty acids. Together, the different lipid components of the oil from C. finmarchicus may have potential as nutraceuticals for reducing obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Pauke Carlijn Schots Alice Marie Pedersen Karl-Erik Eilertsen Ragnar Ludvig Olsen Terje Steinar Larsen |
author_facet |
Pauke Carlijn Schots Alice Marie Pedersen Karl-Erik Eilertsen Ragnar Ludvig Olsen Terje Steinar Larsen |
author_sort |
Pauke Carlijn Schots |
title |
Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil |
title_short |
Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil |
title_full |
Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil |
title_fullStr |
Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil |
title_full_unstemmed |
Possible Health Effects of a Wax Ester Rich Marine Oil |
title_sort |
possible health effects of a wax ester rich marine oil |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00961 https://doaj.org/article/80021b81b7ab44cdaabab0edd354ce98 |
genre |
Calanus finmarchicus North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Calanus finmarchicus North Atlantic |
op_source |
Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 11 (2020) |
op_relation |
https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2020.00961/full https://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812 1663-9812 doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00961 https://doaj.org/article/80021b81b7ab44cdaabab0edd354ce98 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00961 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Pharmacology |
container_volume |
11 |
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1766382957216399360 |