Comparison of visual and acoustic surveys for the detection and dynamic management of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in Canada

• Published in: Conservation Science and Practice
• Main Authors: Valentina Ceballos, Christopher Taggart, Hansen Johnson
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2023
• Subjects: dynamic management; passive acoustic monitoring; right whale; visual survey; Ecology; QH540-549.5; General. Including nature conservation; geographical distribution; QH1-199.5; Canada; Eubalaena glacialis; North Atlantic; North Atlantic right whale
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1111/csp2.12866; https://doaj.org/article/7fe20f40b6894d98879d11e3fa3bcf2f

Abstract The goal of this study was to develop a simulation to quantitatively compare acoustic and visual surveys and use it to inform current and future North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) risk mitigation. We expanded upon an established whale movement model, incorporating realistic right whale cues for visual and acoustic detection within dynamic management zones in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, Canada. Survey transits by acoustic (Slocum gliders) and visual (aircraft, vessels, and Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems) platforms were simulated using representative platform movements and detection functions. We used a Monte Carlo approach to estimate the probability of detecting a cue, in each zone, as a function of survey platform, number of right whales, and survey transits. Acoustic gliders detected right whale presence in every scenario. Single transits of a management zone by visual surveys were only able to reliably (>0.5 probability) detect right whales when more than 20 whales were present. Twenty or more transits were required to reliably detect a single right whale. Our results serve as a tool to be used by decision‐makers to inform optimal right whale monitoring strategies that consider the relative strengths of the various platforms.