Impacts of falling ice radiative effects on projections of Southern Ocean sea ice change under global warming
The falling ice (snow) radiative effects (FIREs) have previously been shown to contribute substantially to reduced discrepancies in simulations of present-day climatology of radiation, skin temperatures and sea ice concentration and thickness over the Southern Ocean. This study extends to examine th...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7fba655700794c1786b3bcdffd1c777a 2023-05-15T15:12:33+02:00 Impacts of falling ice radiative effects on projections of Southern Ocean sea ice change under global warming Jui-Lin F. Li Wei-Liang Lee Kuan-Man Xu Jonathan Jiang Eric Fetzer Chao-An Chen Pei-Chun Hsu Huang-Hsiung Hsu Jia-Yuh Yu Yi-Hui Wang 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3319/TAO.2020.10.15.01 https://doaj.org/article/7fba655700794c1786b3bcdffd1c777a EN eng Springer http://tao.cgu.org.tw/media/k2/attachments/v321p113.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1017-0839 https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7680 1017-0839 2311-7680 doi:10.3319/TAO.2020.10.15.01 https://doaj.org/article/7fba655700794c1786b3bcdffd1c777a Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Vol 32, Iss 1, Pp 113-131 (2021) Geology QE1-996.5 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 article 2021 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3319/TAO.2020.10.15.01 2022-12-31T01:40:32Z The falling ice (snow) radiative effects (FIREs) have previously been shown to contribute substantially to reduced discrepancies in simulations of present-day climatology of radiation, skin temperatures and sea ice concentration and thickness over the Southern Ocean. This study extends to examine the impacts of FIREs on simulation of sea ice changes under a scenario of gradual increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration. We perform a pair of sensitivity experiments including (CESM1-SoN) and excluding (CESM1-NoS) FIREs using Community Earth System Model version 1. The differences in the annual and seasonal means between the initial and warmer periods are examined. Relative to CESM1-SoN, CESM1-NoS simulates more surface reflected shortwave and less downward longwave radiative warming, as well as colder surface temperature, resulting in larger annual-mean sea ice extent and thickness and slower seasonal and long-term sea ice melting and thinning. Over the Southern Ocean of CESM1-SoN, reduced downwelling longwave radiation in austral winter (June-July-August: JJA) leads to sea-ice growth with colder skin temperature while reduced net radiation resulting from increased shortwave reflection in austral summer reduces the melting of sea ice with little change in skin temperature. CESM1-NoS shows seasonal and long-term trends similar to those in CMIP5 models that exclude FIREs, hinting slower future warming-driven changes and larger amplitude of the annual cycle in sea ice concentration and thickness. The ice-free Southern Ocean in peak melting season is simulated at approximately year 130 for CESM1-NoS but year 100 for CESM1-SoN, about 30 years later than that of the Arctic. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Global warming Sea ice Southern Ocean Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Arctic Austral Southern Ocean Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 32 1 113 131 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Geology QE1-996.5 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 |
spellingShingle |
Geology QE1-996.5 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 Jui-Lin F. Li Wei-Liang Lee Kuan-Man Xu Jonathan Jiang Eric Fetzer Chao-An Chen Pei-Chun Hsu Huang-Hsiung Hsu Jia-Yuh Yu Yi-Hui Wang Impacts of falling ice radiative effects on projections of Southern Ocean sea ice change under global warming |
topic_facet |
Geology QE1-996.5 Geophysics. Cosmic physics QC801-809 |
description |
The falling ice (snow) radiative effects (FIREs) have previously been shown to contribute substantially to reduced discrepancies in simulations of present-day climatology of radiation, skin temperatures and sea ice concentration and thickness over the Southern Ocean. This study extends to examine the impacts of FIREs on simulation of sea ice changes under a scenario of gradual increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration. We perform a pair of sensitivity experiments including (CESM1-SoN) and excluding (CESM1-NoS) FIREs using Community Earth System Model version 1. The differences in the annual and seasonal means between the initial and warmer periods are examined. Relative to CESM1-SoN, CESM1-NoS simulates more surface reflected shortwave and less downward longwave radiative warming, as well as colder surface temperature, resulting in larger annual-mean sea ice extent and thickness and slower seasonal and long-term sea ice melting and thinning. Over the Southern Ocean of CESM1-SoN, reduced downwelling longwave radiation in austral winter (June-July-August: JJA) leads to sea-ice growth with colder skin temperature while reduced net radiation resulting from increased shortwave reflection in austral summer reduces the melting of sea ice with little change in skin temperature. CESM1-NoS shows seasonal and long-term trends similar to those in CMIP5 models that exclude FIREs, hinting slower future warming-driven changes and larger amplitude of the annual cycle in sea ice concentration and thickness. The ice-free Southern Ocean in peak melting season is simulated at approximately year 130 for CESM1-NoS but year 100 for CESM1-SoN, about 30 years later than that of the Arctic. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jui-Lin F. Li Wei-Liang Lee Kuan-Man Xu Jonathan Jiang Eric Fetzer Chao-An Chen Pei-Chun Hsu Huang-Hsiung Hsu Jia-Yuh Yu Yi-Hui Wang |
author_facet |
Jui-Lin F. Li Wei-Liang Lee Kuan-Man Xu Jonathan Jiang Eric Fetzer Chao-An Chen Pei-Chun Hsu Huang-Hsiung Hsu Jia-Yuh Yu Yi-Hui Wang |
author_sort |
Jui-Lin F. Li |
title |
Impacts of falling ice radiative effects on projections of Southern Ocean sea ice change under global warming |
title_short |
Impacts of falling ice radiative effects on projections of Southern Ocean sea ice change under global warming |
title_full |
Impacts of falling ice radiative effects on projections of Southern Ocean sea ice change under global warming |
title_fullStr |
Impacts of falling ice radiative effects on projections of Southern Ocean sea ice change under global warming |
title_full_unstemmed |
Impacts of falling ice radiative effects on projections of Southern Ocean sea ice change under global warming |
title_sort |
impacts of falling ice radiative effects on projections of southern ocean sea ice change under global warming |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3319/TAO.2020.10.15.01 https://doaj.org/article/7fba655700794c1786b3bcdffd1c777a |
geographic |
Arctic Austral Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Austral Southern Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Global warming Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Arctic Global warming Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Vol 32, Iss 1, Pp 113-131 (2021) |
op_relation |
http://tao.cgu.org.tw/media/k2/attachments/v321p113.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1017-0839 https://doaj.org/toc/2311-7680 1017-0839 2311-7680 doi:10.3319/TAO.2020.10.15.01 https://doaj.org/article/7fba655700794c1786b3bcdffd1c777a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3319/TAO.2020.10.15.01 |
container_title |
Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences |
container_volume |
32 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
113 |
op_container_end_page |
131 |
_version_ |
1766343218410029056 |