Nomadic reindeer herding of the Kanin Peninsula and its transformations (the first third of the 20th century — first quarter of the 21st century)
The territory of the Kanin Peninsula is a part of Nenets Autonomous District (the north of European Russia), and it borders on the south with the Mezen River basin. The Kanin Tundra occupies almost the entire area of the peninsula. The Kanin Peninsula is the most western region of traditional inhabi...
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Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RA
2022
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-57-2-13 https://doaj.org/article/7def84eba2364525a45ecb480cd3e93a |
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7def84eba2364525a45ecb480cd3e93a 2023-05-15T16:56:50+02:00 Nomadic reindeer herding of the Kanin Peninsula and its transformations (the first third of the 20th century — first quarter of the 21st century) Kiselev S.B. 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-57-2-13 https://doaj.org/article/7def84eba2364525a45ecb480cd3e93a RU rus Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RA http://www.ipdn.ru/_private/a57/169-179.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1811-7465 https://doaj.org/toc/2071-0437 doi:10.20874/2071-0437-2022-57-2-13 1811-7465 2071-0437 https://doaj.org/article/7def84eba2364525a45ecb480cd3e93a Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии, Iss 2(57), Pp 169-179 (2022) european north of russia kanin peninsula xx century nenets komi-izhemtsy traditional economy nomadic reindeer herding Archaeology CC1-960 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-57-2-13 2022-12-30T23:23:56Z The territory of the Kanin Peninsula is a part of Nenets Autonomous District (the north of European Russia), and it borders on the south with the Mezen River basin. The Kanin Tundra occupies almost the entire area of the peninsula. The Kanin Peninsula is the most western region of traditional inhabitance of the Nenets and Izhma Komi ethnic groups. Historically, the nomadic economy of local reindeer herders was based on combination of reindeer husbandry, hunting and fishing. In this paper, different types of nomadic reindeer herding in the region in the first third of the 20th century and transformations currently occurring in the traditional economy are analyzed. The main research sources are represented by the materials of the Circumpolar Census of 1926/27 and materials of the author’s field studies. In the paper, principal components of nomadic reindeer herding in the region were studied, such as herd size and composition, migrations routes etc. Moreover, the factors determining specifics of the economic structure of the Nenets and Izhma Komi groups are analyzed, namely, the nature of interactions between the nomadic and sedentary populations of the region and the degree of orientation toward the “market” of nomadic economies. Characteristics of three basic types of the nomadic economy (hunting-and-fishing, mixed, and large herding) are given. The economic focus of households was determining the content of all elements of the traditional lifestyle. In the early 1930s, collectivization began in the region, and the nomadic reindeer husbandry started developing within collective and state farms; there existed nomadic reindeer herding. This circumstance greatly affected the nomadic economy of the region. In the early 1990s, collective and state farms were transformed into agricultural cooperatives. Comparing the nomadic economy of the two selected periods, it is concluded that the role of the reindeer husbandry in the occupational structure of the Nenets and Izhma Komi groups is currently increasi Article in Journal/Newspaper Izhma-Komi Kanin peninsula Komi-Izhemtsy Mezen Mezen' nenets reindeer husbandry Tundra Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Izhma ENVELOPE(40.621,40.621,64.698,64.698) VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII 2(57) 169 179 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
Russian |
topic |
european north of russia kanin peninsula xx century nenets komi-izhemtsy traditional economy nomadic reindeer herding Archaeology CC1-960 |
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european north of russia kanin peninsula xx century nenets komi-izhemtsy traditional economy nomadic reindeer herding Archaeology CC1-960 Kiselev S.B. Nomadic reindeer herding of the Kanin Peninsula and its transformations (the first third of the 20th century — first quarter of the 21st century) |
topic_facet |
european north of russia kanin peninsula xx century nenets komi-izhemtsy traditional economy nomadic reindeer herding Archaeology CC1-960 |
description |
The territory of the Kanin Peninsula is a part of Nenets Autonomous District (the north of European Russia), and it borders on the south with the Mezen River basin. The Kanin Tundra occupies almost the entire area of the peninsula. The Kanin Peninsula is the most western region of traditional inhabitance of the Nenets and Izhma Komi ethnic groups. Historically, the nomadic economy of local reindeer herders was based on combination of reindeer husbandry, hunting and fishing. In this paper, different types of nomadic reindeer herding in the region in the first third of the 20th century and transformations currently occurring in the traditional economy are analyzed. The main research sources are represented by the materials of the Circumpolar Census of 1926/27 and materials of the author’s field studies. In the paper, principal components of nomadic reindeer herding in the region were studied, such as herd size and composition, migrations routes etc. Moreover, the factors determining specifics of the economic structure of the Nenets and Izhma Komi groups are analyzed, namely, the nature of interactions between the nomadic and sedentary populations of the region and the degree of orientation toward the “market” of nomadic economies. Characteristics of three basic types of the nomadic economy (hunting-and-fishing, mixed, and large herding) are given. The economic focus of households was determining the content of all elements of the traditional lifestyle. In the early 1930s, collectivization began in the region, and the nomadic reindeer husbandry started developing within collective and state farms; there existed nomadic reindeer herding. This circumstance greatly affected the nomadic economy of the region. In the early 1990s, collective and state farms were transformed into agricultural cooperatives. Comparing the nomadic economy of the two selected periods, it is concluded that the role of the reindeer husbandry in the occupational structure of the Nenets and Izhma Komi groups is currently increasi |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kiselev S.B. |
author_facet |
Kiselev S.B. |
author_sort |
Kiselev S.B. |
title |
Nomadic reindeer herding of the Kanin Peninsula and its transformations (the first third of the 20th century — first quarter of the 21st century) |
title_short |
Nomadic reindeer herding of the Kanin Peninsula and its transformations (the first third of the 20th century — first quarter of the 21st century) |
title_full |
Nomadic reindeer herding of the Kanin Peninsula and its transformations (the first third of the 20th century — first quarter of the 21st century) |
title_fullStr |
Nomadic reindeer herding of the Kanin Peninsula and its transformations (the first third of the 20th century — first quarter of the 21st century) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Nomadic reindeer herding of the Kanin Peninsula and its transformations (the first third of the 20th century — first quarter of the 21st century) |
title_sort |
nomadic reindeer herding of the kanin peninsula and its transformations (the first third of the 20th century — first quarter of the 21st century) |
publisher |
Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RA |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-57-2-13 https://doaj.org/article/7def84eba2364525a45ecb480cd3e93a |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(40.621,40.621,64.698,64.698) |
geographic |
Izhma |
geographic_facet |
Izhma |
genre |
Izhma-Komi Kanin peninsula Komi-Izhemtsy Mezen Mezen' nenets reindeer husbandry Tundra |
genre_facet |
Izhma-Komi Kanin peninsula Komi-Izhemtsy Mezen Mezen' nenets reindeer husbandry Tundra |
op_source |
Вестник археологии, антропологии и этнографии, Iss 2(57), Pp 169-179 (2022) |
op_relation |
http://www.ipdn.ru/_private/a57/169-179.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1811-7465 https://doaj.org/toc/2071-0437 doi:10.20874/2071-0437-2022-57-2-13 1811-7465 2071-0437 https://doaj.org/article/7def84eba2364525a45ecb480cd3e93a |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2022-57-2-13 |
container_title |
VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII |
container_issue |
2(57) |
container_start_page |
169 |
op_container_end_page |
179 |
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