Atomic Arrangement, Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Complexity of Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, from Kamchatka Geothermal Field, Russia
Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, occurs as an efflorescent in acid mine drainage, low-temperature fumarolic or pseudofumarolic (such as with coal fires) terrestrial environments. It is considered to be one of the main Al-sulphates of Martian soils, demanding comprehensive crystal-chemical data of...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7ddd14854e254a658b7274c789148fc9 2023-07-23T04:20:05+02:00 Atomic Arrangement, Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Complexity of Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, from Kamchatka Geothermal Field, Russia Elena S. Zhitova Rezeda M. Sheveleva Andrey A. Zolotarev Anton A. Nuzhdaev 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13060963 https://doaj.org/article/7ddd14854e254a658b7274c789148fc9 EN eng MDPI AG https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/6/963 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4352 doi:10.3390/cryst13060963 2073-4352 https://doaj.org/article/7ddd14854e254a658b7274c789148fc9 Crystals, Vol 13, Iss 963, p 963 (2023) alunogen sulphate geothermal field Kamchatka hydrated crystal structure Crystallography QD901-999 article 2023 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13060963 2023-07-02T00:38:37Z Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, occurs as an efflorescent in acid mine drainage, low-temperature fumarolic or pseudofumarolic (such as with coal fires) terrestrial environments. It is considered to be one of the main Al-sulphates of Martian soils, demanding comprehensive crystal-chemical data of natural terrestrial samples. Structural studies of natural alunogen were carried out in the 1970s without localization of H atoms and have not been previously performed for samples from geothermal fields, despite the fact that these environments are considered to be proxies of the Martian conditions. The studied alunogen sample comes from Verkhne–Koshelevsky geothermal field (Koshelev volcano, Kamchatka, Russia). Its chemical formula is somewhat dehydrated, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·15.8H 2 O. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R 1 = 0.068 based on 5112 unique observed reflections with I > 2σ( I ). Alunogen crystalizes in the P -1 space group, a = 7.4194(3), b = 26.9763(9), c = 6.0549(2) Å, α = 90.043(3), β = 97.703(3), γ = 91.673(3) °, V = 1200.41(7) Å 3 , Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of isolated SO 4 tetrahedra, Al(H 2 O) 6 octahedra and H 2 O molecules connected by hydrogen bonds. The structure refinement includes Al, S and O positions that are similar to previous structure determinations and thirty-four H positions localized for the natural sample first. The study also shows the absence of isomorphic substitutions in the composition of alunogen despite the iron-enriched environment of mineral crystallization. The variability of the alunogen crystal structure is reflected in the number of the “zeolite” H 2 O molecules and their splitting. The structural complexity of alunogen and its modifications ranges from 333–346 bits/cell for models with non-localized H atoms to 783–828 bits/cell for models with localized H atoms. The higher values correspond to the higher hydration state of alunogen. Article in Journal/Newspaper Kamchatka Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Crystals 13 6 963 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
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ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
alunogen sulphate geothermal field Kamchatka hydrated crystal structure Crystallography QD901-999 |
spellingShingle |
alunogen sulphate geothermal field Kamchatka hydrated crystal structure Crystallography QD901-999 Elena S. Zhitova Rezeda M. Sheveleva Andrey A. Zolotarev Anton A. Nuzhdaev Atomic Arrangement, Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Complexity of Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, from Kamchatka Geothermal Field, Russia |
topic_facet |
alunogen sulphate geothermal field Kamchatka hydrated crystal structure Crystallography QD901-999 |
description |
Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, occurs as an efflorescent in acid mine drainage, low-temperature fumarolic or pseudofumarolic (such as with coal fires) terrestrial environments. It is considered to be one of the main Al-sulphates of Martian soils, demanding comprehensive crystal-chemical data of natural terrestrial samples. Structural studies of natural alunogen were carried out in the 1970s without localization of H atoms and have not been previously performed for samples from geothermal fields, despite the fact that these environments are considered to be proxies of the Martian conditions. The studied alunogen sample comes from Verkhne–Koshelevsky geothermal field (Koshelev volcano, Kamchatka, Russia). Its chemical formula is somewhat dehydrated, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·15.8H 2 O. The crystal structure was solved and refined to R 1 = 0.068 based on 5112 unique observed reflections with I > 2σ( I ). Alunogen crystalizes in the P -1 space group, a = 7.4194(3), b = 26.9763(9), c = 6.0549(2) Å, α = 90.043(3), β = 97.703(3), γ = 91.673(3) °, V = 1200.41(7) Å 3 , Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of isolated SO 4 tetrahedra, Al(H 2 O) 6 octahedra and H 2 O molecules connected by hydrogen bonds. The structure refinement includes Al, S and O positions that are similar to previous structure determinations and thirty-four H positions localized for the natural sample first. The study also shows the absence of isomorphic substitutions in the composition of alunogen despite the iron-enriched environment of mineral crystallization. The variability of the alunogen crystal structure is reflected in the number of the “zeolite” H 2 O molecules and their splitting. The structural complexity of alunogen and its modifications ranges from 333–346 bits/cell for models with non-localized H atoms to 783–828 bits/cell for models with localized H atoms. The higher values correspond to the higher hydration state of alunogen. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Elena S. Zhitova Rezeda M. Sheveleva Andrey A. Zolotarev Anton A. Nuzhdaev |
author_facet |
Elena S. Zhitova Rezeda M. Sheveleva Andrey A. Zolotarev Anton A. Nuzhdaev |
author_sort |
Elena S. Zhitova |
title |
Atomic Arrangement, Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Complexity of Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, from Kamchatka Geothermal Field, Russia |
title_short |
Atomic Arrangement, Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Complexity of Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, from Kamchatka Geothermal Field, Russia |
title_full |
Atomic Arrangement, Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Complexity of Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, from Kamchatka Geothermal Field, Russia |
title_fullStr |
Atomic Arrangement, Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Complexity of Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, from Kamchatka Geothermal Field, Russia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Atomic Arrangement, Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Complexity of Alunogen, Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·17H 2 O, from Kamchatka Geothermal Field, Russia |
title_sort |
atomic arrangement, hydrogen bonding and structural complexity of alunogen, al 2 (so 4 ) 3 ·17h 2 o, from kamchatka geothermal field, russia |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13060963 https://doaj.org/article/7ddd14854e254a658b7274c789148fc9 |
genre |
Kamchatka |
genre_facet |
Kamchatka |
op_source |
Crystals, Vol 13, Iss 963, p 963 (2023) |
op_relation |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/13/6/963 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4352 doi:10.3390/cryst13060963 2073-4352 https://doaj.org/article/7ddd14854e254a658b7274c789148fc9 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13060963 |
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Crystals |
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13 |
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963 |
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1772183810697330688 |