Influence of Supplemental Dietary Cholesterol on Growth Performance, Indices of Stress, Fillet Pigmentation, and Upper Thermal Tolerance of Female Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
The salmon aquaculture industry must be proactive at developing mitigation tools/strategies to offset the potential negative impacts of climate change. Therefore, this study examined if additional dietary cholesterol could enhance salmon production at elevated temperatures. We hypothesized that supp...
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ftdoajarticles:oai:doaj.org/article:7d915415915244c48e5063644da51d70 2024-09-15T17:56:21+00:00 Influence of Supplemental Dietary Cholesterol on Growth Performance, Indices of Stress, Fillet Pigmentation, and Upper Thermal Tolerance of Female Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Eric H. Ignatz Rebeccah M. Sandrelli Sean M. Tibbetts Stefanie M. Colombo Fábio S. Zanuzzo Ashley M. Loveless Christopher C. Parrish Matthew L. Rise A. Kurt Gamperl 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6336060 https://doaj.org/article/7d915415915244c48e5063644da51d70 EN eng Wiley http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6336060 https://doaj.org/toc/1365-2095 1365-2095 doi:10.1155/2022/6336060 https://doaj.org/article/7d915415915244c48e5063644da51d70 Aquaculture Nutrition, Vol 2022 (2022) Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 article 2022 ftdoajarticles https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6336060 2024-08-05T17:48:42Z The salmon aquaculture industry must be proactive at developing mitigation tools/strategies to offset the potential negative impacts of climate change. Therefore, this study examined if additional dietary cholesterol could enhance salmon production at elevated temperatures. We hypothesized that supplemental cholesterol could aid in maintaining cell rigidity, reducing stress and the need to mobilize astaxanthin muscle stores, and improving salmon growth and survival at high rearing temperatures. Accordingly, postsmolt female triploid salmon were exposed to an incremental temperature challenge (+0.2°C day-1) to mimic conditions that they experience in sea cages in the summer, with temperature held at both 16 and 18°C for several weeks [i.e., 3 weeks at 16°C, followed by an increase at 0.2°C day-1 to 18°C (10 days), then 5 weeks at 18°C] to prolong their exposure to elevated temperatures. From 16°C onwards, the fish were fed either a control diet, or one of two nutritionally equivalent experimental diets containing supplemental cholesterol [+1.30%, experimental diet #1 (ED1); or +1.76%, experimental diet #2 (ED2)]. Adding cholesterol to the diet did not affect the salmon’s incremental thermal maximum (ITMax), growth, plasma cortisol, or liver stress-related transcript expression. However, ED2 appeared to have a small negative impact on survival, and both ED1 and ED2 reduced fillet “bleaching” above 18°C as measured using SalmoFan™ scores. Although the current results suggest that supplementing salmon diets with cholesterol would have few/minimal benefits for the industry, ≤ 5% of the female triploid Atlantic salmon used in this study irrespective of diet died before temperature reached 22°C. These latter data suggest that it is possible to produce all female populations of reproductively sterile salmon that can withstand summer temperatures in Atlantic Canada. Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles Aquaculture Nutrition 2022 1 18 |
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Open Polar |
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Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
op_collection_id |
ftdoajarticles |
language |
English |
topic |
Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 |
spellingShingle |
Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 Eric H. Ignatz Rebeccah M. Sandrelli Sean M. Tibbetts Stefanie M. Colombo Fábio S. Zanuzzo Ashley M. Loveless Christopher C. Parrish Matthew L. Rise A. Kurt Gamperl Influence of Supplemental Dietary Cholesterol on Growth Performance, Indices of Stress, Fillet Pigmentation, and Upper Thermal Tolerance of Female Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
topic_facet |
Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling SH1-691 |
description |
The salmon aquaculture industry must be proactive at developing mitigation tools/strategies to offset the potential negative impacts of climate change. Therefore, this study examined if additional dietary cholesterol could enhance salmon production at elevated temperatures. We hypothesized that supplemental cholesterol could aid in maintaining cell rigidity, reducing stress and the need to mobilize astaxanthin muscle stores, and improving salmon growth and survival at high rearing temperatures. Accordingly, postsmolt female triploid salmon were exposed to an incremental temperature challenge (+0.2°C day-1) to mimic conditions that they experience in sea cages in the summer, with temperature held at both 16 and 18°C for several weeks [i.e., 3 weeks at 16°C, followed by an increase at 0.2°C day-1 to 18°C (10 days), then 5 weeks at 18°C] to prolong their exposure to elevated temperatures. From 16°C onwards, the fish were fed either a control diet, or one of two nutritionally equivalent experimental diets containing supplemental cholesterol [+1.30%, experimental diet #1 (ED1); or +1.76%, experimental diet #2 (ED2)]. Adding cholesterol to the diet did not affect the salmon’s incremental thermal maximum (ITMax), growth, plasma cortisol, or liver stress-related transcript expression. However, ED2 appeared to have a small negative impact on survival, and both ED1 and ED2 reduced fillet “bleaching” above 18°C as measured using SalmoFan™ scores. Although the current results suggest that supplementing salmon diets with cholesterol would have few/minimal benefits for the industry, ≤ 5% of the female triploid Atlantic salmon used in this study irrespective of diet died before temperature reached 22°C. These latter data suggest that it is possible to produce all female populations of reproductively sterile salmon that can withstand summer temperatures in Atlantic Canada. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Eric H. Ignatz Rebeccah M. Sandrelli Sean M. Tibbetts Stefanie M. Colombo Fábio S. Zanuzzo Ashley M. Loveless Christopher C. Parrish Matthew L. Rise A. Kurt Gamperl |
author_facet |
Eric H. Ignatz Rebeccah M. Sandrelli Sean M. Tibbetts Stefanie M. Colombo Fábio S. Zanuzzo Ashley M. Loveless Christopher C. Parrish Matthew L. Rise A. Kurt Gamperl |
author_sort |
Eric H. Ignatz |
title |
Influence of Supplemental Dietary Cholesterol on Growth Performance, Indices of Stress, Fillet Pigmentation, and Upper Thermal Tolerance of Female Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_short |
Influence of Supplemental Dietary Cholesterol on Growth Performance, Indices of Stress, Fillet Pigmentation, and Upper Thermal Tolerance of Female Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full |
Influence of Supplemental Dietary Cholesterol on Growth Performance, Indices of Stress, Fillet Pigmentation, and Upper Thermal Tolerance of Female Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_fullStr |
Influence of Supplemental Dietary Cholesterol on Growth Performance, Indices of Stress, Fillet Pigmentation, and Upper Thermal Tolerance of Female Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influence of Supplemental Dietary Cholesterol on Growth Performance, Indices of Stress, Fillet Pigmentation, and Upper Thermal Tolerance of Female Triploid Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) |
title_sort |
influence of supplemental dietary cholesterol on growth performance, indices of stress, fillet pigmentation, and upper thermal tolerance of female triploid atlantic salmon (salmo salar) |
publisher |
Wiley |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6336060 https://doaj.org/article/7d915415915244c48e5063644da51d70 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
Aquaculture Nutrition, Vol 2022 (2022) |
op_relation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6336060 https://doaj.org/toc/1365-2095 1365-2095 doi:10.1155/2022/6336060 https://doaj.org/article/7d915415915244c48e5063644da51d70 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6336060 |
container_title |
Aquaculture Nutrition |
container_volume |
2022 |
container_start_page |
1 |
op_container_end_page |
18 |
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1810432564908785664 |